雅思作文写作基础知识精选二十一篇

2023-11-13   来源:写作基础

基础【Foundation】指建筑底部与地基接触的承重构件,它的作用泛指把建筑上部的荷载传给地基。以下是为大家整理的雅思作文写作基础知识精选二十一篇,欢迎品鉴!

雅思作文写作基础知识篇1

材料作文写作基础知识

材料作文怎么写?所给的材料主要有以下若干种:

1 叙述一件较为完整的事情; 2 引述一个完整的故事; 3 引用一段新闻报道或消息;4 与写作者道德修养或学习生活的某一方面紧密相关的名言警句(一句一段或几句几段);5 一段主题鲜明、道理深刻的论述; 6 一段或几段突出一个中心的抒情性文字;7 揭露社会生活中某一丑陋现象的一副或几副组合而成的漫画……

写好给材料作文必须读懂材料。

既然给材料作文的材料本身包含着深刻道理,并 “ 成为写作者的立意指向 ” ,那么读懂材料就是写好作文的关键,审题变为审材料。一般来说,材料的文字表面并不难懂,问题在于是否能够准确地分析出材料所表达的深刻道理是什么,继而确定自己对这个道理的"正确态度。

必须“保持一致”。 这里所说的一致,指两个方面,一个方面是写作者确定的主题要同材料的立意指向保持一致,另一方面是写作者所选择的材料应与主题保持一致。这样才能做到读后有感,有感而发。

必须大题化小,小题大作 。 命题者所给的材料所包含的哲理都是大道理,要求写作者全面深刻地阐述这些大道理是强人所难,因此,要把自己熟悉的社会生活与大道理联系起来,做到大题化小;然而,这并不是允许写作者肤浅地、简单地分析问题,相反,给材料作文所要求的是从生活实践出发,从小事情、小问题中发现大道理,阐述大道理,也就是分析问题应深刻一些、尖锐一些,这就是小题大作。“大题化小”的“大题”指大道理;“小题大作”的“小题”指写作的题料。

必须把握“要求”。“ 给材料作文”都提出了具体要求,例如对作文的内容、文体、题目、字数等。写作者必须把握住这些要求写作文。

单则材料 多角度立意:

审题过程: 一、找要素 二、析原因 三、辨关系 四、拟中心

主人公是谁?什么事?结果怎样?然后分析原因,从原因分析中获得写作的中心。

材料一 居里 夫人把伦敦皇家协会奖给她的一枚金质奖章给女儿玩。来访的客人十分惊讶: “ 夫人 , 您把这么责重的奖章给孩子玩 ?” 居里 夫人说 :“ 我是故意给她玩的 , 我想让孩子从小就知道荣誉如同玩具。如果让孩子躺在父母的荣誉簿上 , 将来必定一事无成。 ” 由于居里夫人的良好的教育 ,24 年后 , 她的女儿也获得了诺贝尔奖金。

自选角度,自定立意,自选文体、自定题目,写一篇不少于600字的作文。

一、找要素 ( 1 )居里夫人对人类有着卓越的贡献。( 2 )教育女儿正确对待荣誉 , 把奖章当玩具。 ( 3 )结果 , 女儿也获得诺贝尔奖。

二、析原因 女儿能获得诺贝尔奖一是因为有母亲的正确引导,二是靠自己的努力。

三、辨关系 三个要素之间是因果关系。

四、拟中心 ( l )只有依靠自己的努力 , 才能成功。( 2 )人应该正确对待荣誉。( 3 )正确教育下一代的重要性

多则材料 求同找出中心:

例 l

①有人问球王贝利最喜欢自己的哪一个球 , 他说 : 我最喜欢的是“下一个”。

②有人问著名电影导演谢晋最喜欢自己的哪一部作品 , 谢晋说 : 我最喜欢的是“下一部”。

③“百花奖”最佳配角刘信义 , 在回答观众问及他最喜欢演过的哪一角色时 , 他说:“如果要说最喜欢的 , 我想还应当是我的“下一个”。

自选角度,自定立意,自选文体、自定题目,写一篇不少于600字的作文。

分析

例 l 三则材料含义基本一致 , 方向相同 , 讲的都是一个人取得成绩以后要正确对待 , 应谦虚谨慎 , 向自己提出更高进取目标的问题。由此 , 可确定这样的中心:一个取得成绩的入 , 应把目标放在“下一个” , “从零开始” , 不断进取。成绩属于过去。 没有最好,只有更好(或视今天为落后,或要不懈追求等)

多则材料 对比取舍 找出中心

例 2

①有人想:如果全国每个人都节省一根火柴的价值给我,那么我就是拥有几十万元的富翁了。

②有人想:如果我能给全国每个人都做出一根火柴的价值的贡献,那么我的一生就是最有价值的了。

自选角度,自定立意,自选文体、自定题目,写一篇不少于600字的作文。

分析

是为自己还是为别人?哪一种人生更有意义?

小结:

材料作文的审题

第一步,读懂材料,抓住主旨。首先要注意材料的特点:单则材料要从整体上把握其主旨;多则材料应弄清它们的异同,从而把握中心;比喻性材料要理解其比喻意义;含哲理性寓言材料,要把握其寓意。所谓抓住主旨(即材料的意向倾向和感情倾向) 。

第二步,选择角度,准确立意。主旨单一的材料据材料立意即可 。蕴涵丰富的材料,可从多角度立意,即发散思维多向立意。一般说来,一则材料至少可从肯定与否定两个角度审视:“一事多人”的材料,有几个“人”往往就有几个审视角度;“一事多因”的材料,有几个“因”往往就有几个审视角度。一个事件,针对其背景、写作目的的不同,就产生了几个不同的审视角度。

材料作文的写作

1、写议论文:

(1)选择某一角度,从材料中概括出写作的论题或论点。

(2)作文中最好出现材料。

(3)提供的材料可以作为写作中的论据。

(4)对材料要进行概述;不能照抄材料。

2、写记叙文:

(1)从材料中概括出写作的中心。

(2)围绕中心,拟定文章的标题。

(3)紧扣中心或题目写作,防止跑题或偏离中心。

(4)文章 文章的开头、中间、结尾要扣题目( 中心 ),点题目( 中心 )。

( 5 )文章中一般不需要出现材料。

【满分亮点】

1 、材料丰富,运用自如。在作者的笔下,值得我们牵挂的有汶川地震中的“可乐男孩”,有上海世博会上亮相的两个藏族小姑娘,还有汶川地震中的无私的人民教师,考生一一写来,很好地突出了“牵挂”的主题。

2 、感情充沛,亲切自然。这篇中考作文题目大气,富于人情味。开篇从生活写起,自然点题,同时给人一种厚重感。行文中,作者恰当地转换人称,使感情的表达更加充分。

3 、恰当点题,结构严谨。文章的成功之处在于作者的点题艺术,几乎在每个段落中,作者都能自然而巧妙地点题,使得文章结构严谨,同时体现了语言的美感。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇2

1. You are an university student who are living in the accommodation at the campus. One day you find something wrong with your accommodation. So you write a letter to the House Officer to tell them what happened, the reason you think, what you decide to do, and whether if it is right.

2. It is wrong that our government pay more money to the artist projects, for instance, there are more and more paintings and sculptures appearing at the public places, because there are more important thing to do. What"s you opinion? Do you agree or disagree with it?

3. writing to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation, fee, what courses do you want to choose and why.

4. Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical condition and social development.

5. You have left college. But you didn"t say goodbye to your friend who live in the room with you because he had a course at that time. Write a letter to him to appology and tell hem how you spend that days before you leave and how you get home. Then invite him to visit you.

6. Some people say the parents should except school to conduct their children"s behavior and tell them what is "right" or "wrong". Others say schools should take this responsibility. Please give your point about it.

7. Write to the agency officer and complain about the rent car which has sth wrong. Tell them the problems of the car you rent from the agency and your requiring.

8. As the developing countries and the third world countries, there are a funds, how to use it? Invest in the basic education or in the high-technology, for instance, computer? What"s your opinion?

9. You are a foreign student. Write to the Student Union, introduce your hobbies and interests and ask information of clubs and societies. You want to join a club or society enjoy your time when you study there.

10. Fast food is developing more and more popular. It replaces other traditional food. Some people think it is good, some people disagree with it. What"s your opinion about it. Give some reason of your opinion.

11. A friend will visit Beijing. You will meet him at airport. But for some reason, you have to be late. Explain the reason. Since you haven"t meet each other, tell the friend where you will meet and how to recognize each other.

12. More and more children"s writing & math ability are affected by computers and calculators. We should limit the use of those tools. Disagree or agree.

13. you have broke your leg and have to stayed in hospital. you received many cards and letters from your classmates. write a letter to tell them your detail of your position and thank them at the same time.

14. some people say that it is impossible for women to be an effective women and to be a good mother in home at the same time. they also suggest that the government should give the salary to mothers who stay at home to take care of their children.

15. Your friend write to you and tell you that he is hesitating to chose computer or history as his major in university. Write to him and tell him your opinion.

16. Participating in a sport is as important for psychological health as it is for physical conditions and social development.

17. You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because he or she always has friends visiting. They have parties in the room and sometimes borrow your things without asking you. Write a letter to the Accommodation officer at the college and ask for a new room nest term. You would prefer a single room. Explain your reason.

18. Who has responsible for our old people?

19. Write to the agency officer to complain about a rent house by them. Tell them the problems of the house and your requiring.

20. You read an ad about a sale of a shop in the local newspaper, when you came to buy the goods you wanted, you find the sale had ended. Write to the shop manager and complain about this. Require for the compensation.

21. Write to an English speaking college about qualification, accommodation, fee, what courses do you want to choose and why.

22. You are accepted as an oversea student by an university. Before you go to the university, write to the student officer and ask them sth about the accommodation, the transportation,and the class schedule.

23. You are a history teacher at a high school. You see an ad at the local newspaper to introduce the local museum which coincidens with what you teach now. Write to the museum officer and tell them that you want to bring your students to visit it.

24. Write a letter to your friend and express thanks for his present which was brought to you during you were ill at the hospital.

25. The first car appeared on British roads in 1888. By the year there may be as many as 29 million vehicles on British roads. Alternative forms of transport should be encouraged and international laws introduced to control car ownership and use. What do you think? Give reasons for your answer.

26. The threat of nuclear weapons maintains world peace. Nuclear power provides cheap and clean energy. The benefits of nuclear technology far outweigh the disadvantages. Give reasons for your answer.

27. People can do longer expect a job for life. What should individuals and governments do to prepare the current and future environments for different working conditions?

28. As technological innovation brings about rapid changes and retraining becomes a lifelong necessity, industry should take over more and more of the responsibility for education.

29. It is more important for governments to ensure adequate standards of housing, education and health care for their citizens by developing the industrial base than to use their resources to develop the rural areas.

30. Business education and training today must promoter environmental awareness.

31. Whilst studying abroad provides an opportunity to broaden one"s experience, it also presents the danger of negative influences from the host culture.

32. Technological advances continue to improve manufacturing efficiency; the weight of a drinks can has come down from thirty-five grams to about fifteen grams, for example, and modern cars and production techniques are much more energy efficient. Governments need to control the environment rather than controlling industry, as companies already control their resources very efficiently.

33. Training for work is far more important than proving a broad-based education.

34. What steps should a student take in preparing for tertiary education and what would be the benefit of taking such steps?

35. The developed world should lead by example and not insist that aid to the Third World is used to develop rural areas.

雅思作文写作基础知识篇3

一、表达方式:记叙、描写、抒情、说明、议论?

二、表现手法:

象征、对比、烘托、设置悬念、前后呼应、欲扬先抑、托物言志、借物抒情、联想、想象、衬托(正衬、反衬)

三、修辞手法:比喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对偶、引用、设问、反问、反复、互文、对比、借代、反语?

四、记叙文六要素:时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果

五、记叙顺序:顺叙、倒叙、插叙?六、描写角度:正面描写、侧面描写?

七、描写人物的方法:语言、动作、神态、心理、外貌

八、描写景物的角度:视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉?

九、描写景物的方法:动静结合(以动写静)、概括与具体相结合、由远到近(或由近到远)?

十、描写(或抒情)方式:正面(又叫直接)、反面(又叫间接)

十一、叙述方式:概括叙述、细节描写

十二、说明顺序:时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序

十三、说明方法:举例子、列数字、打比方、作比较、下定义、分类别、作诠释、摹状貌、引用?

十四、小说情节四部分:开端、发展、高潮、结局

十五、小说三要素:人物形象、故事情节、具体环境

十六、环境描写分为:自然环境、社会环境

十七、议论文三要素:论点、论据、论证

十八、论据分类为:事实论据、道理论据

十九、论证方法:举例(或事实)论证、道理论证(有时也叫引用论证)、对比(或正反对比)论证、比喻论证

二十、论证方式:立论、驳论(可反驳论点、论据、论证)

二十一、议论文的文章的结构:总分总、总分、分总;分的部分常常有并列式、递进式。

二十二、引号的作用:引用;强调;特定称谓;否定、讽刺、反语

二十三、破折号用法:提示、注释、总结、递进、话题转换、插说。

基本写作技巧

写作前,要树立读者意识

很多人在写作之前没有任何的意识,认为写作就是写文字就好了,但是事实上,写作并不是写给自己看的,是要写给读者看的。所以树立起读者的意识对于作者来说就极为重要。引用萨姆·利思在书中的一句话:“从某些方面来说,写作是一场骗局。”

他所谓的骗局并非是欺骗读者,而是说一位好的作者在写作的过程中总是能够完美地掌握住全局,而且也知道如何对读者进行引导,让读者能够理解和看懂我们的文字。在这本书中,作者也践行了它的“读者意识”,他将自己放在读者的角度,进行写作的.时候,总是妙语连珠,引人入胜。而不是单纯地说教,把自己作为教师爷来给大家说教。所谓的寓教于乐大概就是这样吧。在这个过程中,大家也轻松地学会了写作。

在践行读者意识写作的过程中,我们要想办法让语言变得简单明了,让尽可能多的人能够看懂,理解你所说的话。在写作的时候,我们要时刻谨记重点不是你说什么,而是人们听到什么。这就是读者意识。

如何让故事更生动

大家肯定都遇到过这样的情况,自己写作的时候,总是拉拉家常,记流水账,内容干瘪且无趣。而别人的文章总是能够吸引人的。那么我们要如何让故事更加生动呢?

作者在书中写到好的文章的语言要用精炼的口语,让人物显得立体,让人感觉这个故事是真实的,在人物形象设定上,也要通过合理分配情节来体现,情节符合人物的思想和行为,而非刻意去营造。在内容的想法上也要积极创新,让叙述方法或从新的角度使故事生动有趣。

提高读者阅读兴趣最常见也最有效的办法,就是向读者提出一个问题,或者引起读者的好奇心但吊着胃口迟迟不说。这同时也是电视剧常用的手段,希区柯克曾举过“桌子底下的炸弹”的例子:一个炸弹突然爆炸会制造惊吓,但当观众知道桌子底下有东西,不知何时会爆炸,会制造悬疑感。

所以说带有一定的悬念能够让你的故事变得更加有趣,带来致命的吸引力。

如何确定用抽象表达还是用具象的描写

大家都知道,在某些特定的场合,我们需要使用抽象的“行话”,书中就举例了银行家的例子,表示你如果直接和普通人讲“信用违约互换”和“金边债券”,他们可能不会理解,而如果像行家去解释这些内容,他们甚至觉得你瞧不起他。

抽象本身其实不是坏事,儿时的我们,大脑并不能够处理很多抽象的事物,所以只能通过具体的事物来帮助理解,而限制的我们,思维能够处理抽象的事物,甚至能够描述复杂的理论,而抽象的内容反而让我们能够快速的收获信息。

作者也提到大部分写作时,我们尽量还是具体地去描绘事件。这里有一个技巧:名词越具体,动词越强,效果就越好。

比如,比较下面两个句子:

句子1:她很难过。

句子2:她抱着膝盖瑟缩在角落里,两眼紧闭,豆大的泪珠随着脸颊悄悄滑落

雅思作文写作基础知识篇4

议论文是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论,表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素,即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是:观点正确,认真概括,有实际意义,恰当地综合运用各种表达方式;论据基本要是:真实可靠,充分典型;论证的基本要求是:推理必须符合逻辑。

写议论文要考虑论点,考虑用什么作论据来证明它,怎样来论证,然后得出结论。它可以是先提出一个总论点,然后分别进行论述,分析各个分论点,最后得出结论;也可以先引述一个故事,一段对话,或描写一个场面,再一层一层地从事实分析出道理,归纳引申出一个新的结论。这种写法叫总分式,是中学生经常采用的一种作文方式。也可以在文章开头先提出一个人们关心的疑问,然后一一作答,逐层深入,这是答难式的写法。还要以是作者有意把两个不同事物以对立的方式提出来加以比较、对照,然后得出结论,这是对比式写法。

议论文是用逻辑、推理和证明,阐述作者的立场和观点的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张,或是驳斥别人的错误观点。新闻报刊中的评论、杂文或日常生活中的感想等,都属于议论文的范畴。

议论文又叫说理文,它是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非,以确定其观点正确或错误,树立或否定某种主张。议论文应该观点明确、论据充分、语言精炼、论证合理、有严密的逻辑性。

一、议论文的要素:

详细说明议论文三要素:论点、论据、论证

论点:是作者对所论述问题的见解和主张,是议论文的灵魂。

1.议论文一般只有一个中心论点,有的议论文还围绕中心论点提出几个分论点,分论点是用来补充或证明中心论点的,只要研究这些论点的关系,就可以分出主从。

2.如何找中心论点。论点应该是明确的判断,是作者看法的完整陈述,在形式上应该是完整的句子。位置可分:文章标题、文章开头、文章结尾、文章中间,有的则需要读者概括。

论据:证明论点成立的材料。

1.事实论据:事实在议论文中论据作用十分明显,分析事实,看出道理,检验它与文章点在逻辑上是否一致。

2.道理论据:作为论据的道理总是读者比较熟悉的,或者是为社会普遍承认的,它们是对大量事实抽象,概括的结果。

论证:议论文中的论点和论据是通过论证组织起来的。论证是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法,是论点和论据之间的罗辑关系纽带。论点是解决“需要证明什么,”论据是解决“用什么来证明”,论证是解决“怎样证明”。

论证方法有以下几种:

1.举例论证:列举确凿、充分,有代表性的事例证明论点;

2.道理论证:用马列主义经典著作中的精辟见解,古今中外名人的名言警句以及人们公认的定理公式等来证明论点;

3.对比论证:拿正反两方面的论点或论据作对比,在对比中证明论点;

4.比喻论证:用人们熟知的事物作比喻来证明论点。此外,在驳论中,往往还采用“以尔之矛,攻尔之盾”的批驳方法和“归谬法”。在多数议论文中往往是综合运用的。

二、议论文结构

1.基本结构是提出问题(引论)分析问题(本论)解决问题(结论)。

2.可分两大类

a.纵式:逐层深入的论述结构

例1.“层层深入”式,先提出论点后,先从消极方面论证,然后进一步从积极方面论述。

例2.“起录转合”式:开头破题,引出论述问题;接着承接开头,阐述所论述的问题;“转”是从各个角度证明论点;最后归结,就是“合”。

b.横式:并列展开的论述结构

例如:

有“总论——分论——总论”式,先提出论点,而后从几个方面阐述,最后总结归纳;

有“总论——分论”式,先提出论点,然后从几个方面论证。

有“分论——总论”式,对所要论述的总是分几个方面剖析,然后综合归纳出结论。

总之,分析议论文的结构,先要弄明白中段落层次间的内在联系,还要注意文章中起着承上启下作用的过渡段,过渡句以及过渡词语。

考场如何写好议论文

1.写好字

一篇内质不错的文章,字迹可憎,其分值往往不理想。为何?其一,字和卷面差,按评分要求要扣分,其二,试卷的“面目”在一定程度上控制着阅卷者打分的情绪。美观整洁的书写是文章最好的“外衣”,它对阅卷者评分印象的形成是直接有效的:首先,笔划要清楚。字迹笔划清楚,字体端正,就能给阅卷者留下好印象。相反,龙飞凤舞,一路狂草,但难以辨认,就算文章写得好,也难以让人欣赏。其次,字体要适中。字体过大,卷面有拥挤繁乱之感,观之不雅。字体过小,阅读起来如觉蚁行,极其费神。再次,尽量少涂改。要涂改也须规范地涂改,切忌乱涂乱画,在卷面留下醒目的墨点,造成凌乱之感。

2.拟好题

题目是文章的眼睛,是文章传递显要信息的重要部分。由于它位居文章结构之首,所以文章题目的优劣也会直接影响阅卷者对文章的第一印象。议论文拟题的基本要求是:在准确的基础上力求醒目、舒畅。具体而言,可鲜明,可形象,可简洁,可别致,可整齐,不一而足。总之,以能激发阅卷者阅读兴趣或使之有耳目一新之感为最佳。

议论文的题目要求符合文体特征,要求鲜明,使人见其题而知其旨。观点鲜明的文章最受阅卷者的欢迎,因为它具有清澈感和透明感,能够传达出文章内容之大概,便于阅卷者准确而快速地把握整篇文章的基本内容。

3.开好头

高尔基说过:“(开头)好像音乐里定调一样,全曲的音调都是它给予的,也是作者花功夫的所在。”议论文的开头要讲究“短、快、靓”。短,即要简捷,最好三两句成段,引入本论。开头短,可避免冗长之赘,而且短句成段,在空间上突出其内容的重要性。快,即入题要快,最好三言两语就点明文章的基本观点或议论的话题。因为评分标准中有“中心明确”的细则。开篇确定中心,有利于阅卷者按等计分,也有利于作者展开论述,不致出现主旨不清、中途转换论题等作文大忌。靓,即要精彩。这也是传统文论中所说的“凤头”。精彩的开头,最突出的效果是吸引阅卷者,给阅卷者留下好的印象。文章开头要精彩,多用比喻、类比、排比等修辞引入论点,还可引述名言,讲述寓言故事导入话题。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇5

When You Are Old 当你老了(作者:叶芝)

When you are old and gray and full of sleep,

当你老了,白发苍苍,睡思昏沉,

And nodding by the fire, take down this book,

在炉火旁打盹,请取下这部诗歌,

And slowly read, and dream of the soft look

慢慢读,回想你过去眼神的柔和,

Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;

回想它们昔日阴影的浓重;

How many loved your moments of glad grace,

多少人爱你年轻欢畅的时刻,

And loved your beauty with love false or true;

出于假意或真心地爱慕你的美貌;

But one man loved the pilgrim soul in you,

只有一个人爱你那朝圣者的灵魂,

And loved the sorrows of your changing face;

爱你逐渐老去的脸上痛苦的皱纹;

And bending down beside the glowing bars,

躬身在火光闪耀的炉火旁,

Murmur, a little sadly, how love fled.

凄然地低语那爱的消逝,

And paced upon the mountains overhead,

在头顶的山上,爱缓缓踱着步子,

And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.

将脸隐没在群星之中。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇6

大家要好好看一下哦,认真学习一下,会在考场上发挥它的作用的。

一、开头

This graph/pie chart/table/bar chart reflects the (rate/percentage/proportion/number …) of (对象) in(place/country)from …to…

According to the figure , it is not surpring findings that there was/were 总体趋势的描述(the overall trend tended to indicate…/the general trend is…/其他)

二、结尾

In conclude , the overall trend tended to illustrate ……during this **-year period

三、雅思小作文模板——线状图

1.先(上升/下降)后(下降/上升),之后便平稳

According to the data , the years from …to…saw/winess a rise/climb/drop in the number/rate/percentage/proportion of 对象 from数据to数据,which was followed by a rapid decrease/reduce/increase over the ** years.

The number/rate…droped/went up again from…in ** year to…in ** year and then went up/clined gradually until ** year ,when there was a leveling off/leveling out at 数据 for 一段时间。

2.对峰值和低谷的描述

Also it can be noticed that in ** year ,the number/percentage … reached the buttom . However/on the contrary,**year saw the peak during this period.

……时间点 ,when the number/percentage reached(amounted to)to a peak of… / a high point at …

……时间点,when the number/percentage bottomed out (at…)

3.趋势相同描述

The proportion/number of 对象 in the xx and xx are similar and follow the same trend.In ** the figures were xx% and xx% respectively,rising to xx% and xx% respectively in **,after dipping to xx% and xx% respectively in **.(总体的趋势介绍)Thereafter,分开介绍即可

4.对未来的表述以及转换词

…is projected to…… as to

…is expected to…… as for

…is forcasted to …… …is estimated to…

5. 对波动的描述

as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the flutuation of…

如图所示,两条曲线描述了…的波动情况。

……fluctuated dramatically between xx% and xx% during …period .

此外,在描述过程中还有很多的conjunctional words/sentences,最常用的固定搭配如下:

并列: as well as(句首/中), also, as well(句尾), either, neither, too, moreover, furthermore, in addition, additionally, besides, what’s more, apart from …

举例: for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, in particular, particularly, especially

事实: as a matter of fact, in fact, actually, as long as, so long as …

雷同/近似:similarly, likewise(句首/尾), at the same time, equally …

转折: however, whereas, nevertheless, nonetheless, though, although, even though, while, yet, on the contrary, contrarily, in contrast, conversely, on the other hand, unlikely, instead (of), in spite of, despite of …

四、雅思小作文模板——饼状图

1.描述

It is clear that the most (adj.) xx is A, which accounts for m% of all x . B is the next largest(adj.)xx ,n% lower than A of all x and followed closely by C . The above three items of xx take uo about o% of the x%

By contrast D E andF make uo the smallest percentage of total x , which are p% q% and r% ,respectively.

The regions can be divided into two groups-one where … and the other where the reverse is the case.

2.比较,占据,百分数

Form, comprise, make up, occupy

Constitute, cover, represent, account for

Be shared by

In 1950, the urban population represented less than 13% of the total. It is now about 40% and is expected to reach 60% by 2030. (摘自BBC)

3.比例,倍数

A quarter of…

Half of…

A majority of…

A has something in common with b

A shares some similarity with b

The difference between a and b lies in…

Double, triple, quadruple (v, n, adj)

原来的2倍-double, 50→100

原来的3倍-triple, 50→150

原来的4倍-quadruple, 50→200

The value of the house has increased fourfold (=it is now worth four times as much as before).

…be twice as adj. as …..

…more than xx times as adj. as …..

五、雅思小作文模板——柱状图

柱状图和线型图写法一致,并且结合饼状图来写!

六、雅思小作文模板——表格题

1. 找出最大值,最小值,以及一般值

雅思作文写作基础知识篇7

雅思写作中的保证词组啦,用上它不用怕写作分会低于6月。

1 随着经济的快速发展 with the rapid development of economy

2 提高人民的生活水平improve people’s living standard

3 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology

4 面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges

5 人们普遍认为 it is commonly believed/ recognized that …

6 社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development

7 引起了广泛的公共关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

8 不可否认 it is undeniable that…/ there is no denying that

9 热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate

10 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

11 完全不同的观点 a totally different argument

12 一些人….而另一些人… some people … while others …

13 就我而言/ 就个人而言 as far as I am concerned/ personally

14 就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on …

15 有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

16 双方的论点 argument on both sides

17 发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in

18 对…必不可少 be indispensable to

19 正如言语所说 as the proverb goes

20 … 也不例外 …. be no exception

21 对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on …

22 利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages

23 导致,引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon

25 责任感/成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation

27 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision

28 学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills

29 经济/ 心理负担 financial burden/ psychological burden

30 考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration

31 从另一个角度 from another perspective

32 做出共同努力 make joint efforts

33 对… 有益 be beneficial/ conductive to ….

34 为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society

35 打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for ….

36 综合素质 comprehensive quality

37 无可非议 blameless/ beyond reproach

38 无法想象 beyond imagination/ unimaginable

39 致力于/ 投身于 be committed/ devoted to ….

40 应当承认 admittedly

41 不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

42 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of ….

43 可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information

44 宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources

45 网络 the Internet

46 方便快捷 convenient and efficient

47 在人类生活的方面面 in all aspects of human life

48 环保的 environmentally friendly

49 社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress

50 科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology

51 对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue

52 支持前/ 后种观点的人 people/ those in favor of the former/ latter opinion

53 有/提供如下理由/证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence

54 在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree/ in some way

55 理论与实践相结合 integrate theory with practice

56 …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of ….

57 日益激烈的社会竞争 an increasingly fierce social competition

58 眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest

59 长远利益 interest in the long run

60 …有其自身的优缺点 … has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

61 扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones

62 取其精髓,去其糟粕 take the essence and discard the dregs

63 对…有害 do harm to/ be harmful to/ be detrimental to

64 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

65 跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with/ catch up with/ keep abreast with the latest development of …

66 采取有效措施来…. Take effective measures to do sth

67 …的健康发展 the healthy development of ….

68 有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides. No garden without weeds.

69 对…观点因人而异 Views on… vary from person to person

70 重视 attach great importance to ….

71 社会地位 social status

72 把时间和经历放在…上 focus time and energy on …

73 扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge

74 身心两方面 both physically and mentally

75 有直接/间接关系 be directly/ indirectly related to ….

76 提出折中建议 set forth a compromise proposal

77 可取代think的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that

78 缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden

79 优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth

80 与…比较 compared with …/ in comparison with

81 相反 in/ by contrast; on the contrary

82 代替 replace/ substitute/ take the place of

83 经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis

84 提供就业机会 offer job opportunities

85 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress

86 毫无疑问 undoubtedly/ there is no doubt that

87 增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding

88 充分利用 make full use of/ make the most use of

89 承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure

90 保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society

91 更多地强调 put more emphasis on….

92 适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society

93 实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream come true

94 主要的理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:

95 首先 at first, firstly, to begin with

96 其次 secondly, in the second place

97 再次 besides, in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore

98 最后 finally, last but not the least, above all, lastly

99 总而言之 all in all, to sum up, in summary, in a word

100 我们还有很长的路要走 we still have a long way to go

雅思作文写作基础知识篇8

材料作文的特点是要求考生依据材料来立意、构思,材料所反映的中心就是文章中心的来源,不能脱离材料所揭示的中心来写作,故材料作文又叫“命意作文”,属于自命题。下面是小编为你带来的写作基础知识之材料作文20xx,欢迎阅读。

材料作文:

是根据所给材料和要求来写文章的一种作文形式。材料作文的特点是要求考生依据材料来立意、构思,材料所反映的中心就是文章中心的来源,不能脱离材料所揭示的中心来写作,故材料作文又叫“命意作文”,属于自命题。

命题作文与材料作文:

材料作文,一般是指出题者只给出一些文字或图画材料,要求应试者根据所给文字或图画的内容自己命题进行写作。材料作文是只给材料不给题目,题目的确定,完全是靠应试者自己对所给材料的理解与把握而定。从命题的角度看,命题作文实际上是他命题,而材料作文则是自命题,这就是二者的主要区别。

写作策略:

①引:

恰当地引用材料,开头既要引述材料,在论证时还要回扣材料(不能全部照抄),对材料进行分析后,或摘要或概述,三言五语即可。

②议:

是对材料中提供的信息进行分析议论,对人物关系的分析,对结果的预测,对原因的追问等,目的是为了提出观点做铺垫,这部分不能太长,百字左右即可。

③提:

提出论点(或观点),文字简炼,一两句话就可以,观点明确。

④联:

这是文章的关键,可由材料推开去,可联系历史人物、历史故事,可联系现实生活,今人今事;可以正面举例也可以反面证明;可以摆事实,也可以讲道理。最少要举两个例子,一古一今或一正一反,多角度多侧面得把中心论点阐述得深刻有力,三四百字即可。

⑤深:

深入分析。怎样深入分析分析原因,说明好处(或危害),找出症结。

⑥结:

收敛全篇,总结全文,宜对论述的问题有所深化,不要故作惊人之语,强调精炼有力,不要画蛇添足。

话题作文出现之前,材料作文是中考试卷中经常出现的一种作文考查形式,在话题作文中,材料只是提出话题的背景,材料与文章是一种疏远的关系;而材料作文中的材料则是作文观点的重要载体,是写作内容选择和立意的依据,考生必须从材料中提炼出一个观点进行写作,离开了材料就是离题,文章与材料是一种很亲密的关系。由此可见,写作材料作文,必须针对其“材料重要性”特点,采取有效的写作的策略,才能更好地写出高质量的考场作文,具体来说要特别注意以下三个方面:

一、读懂材料,全面把握

读懂材料是材料作文写作的重要前提,没有读懂材料必然会模糊作文,以致出现偏题或者离题的现象,读懂材料必须全面把握,切不可断章取义,执其一端,而要抓住重点,明白内容,理清关系,理解中心,为立意奠定一个较好的审题基础。

全面把握材料和理解材料,不可从某一局部入手,只抓住片言只语不放,否则容易跑题。但是要抓住材料中的关键词语或语句,深刻理解其本质意义,这对于把握材料的中心很有帮助。

二、立意求准,力求新颖

材料作文也是“命意作文”,立意好坏直接影响到作文的深刻与否和创新程度,因此,写材料作文,在读懂材料的基础上,要尽量在立意上求准求新。

所谓求准,就是要把握住材料的内容,牢记主题必须从材料中得来,切不可脱离材料,否则就容易写出失败之作。

所谓求新,就是要努力突破思维定势,超越一般人的惯常思路,应该发人之所未发,言人之所不能言,力争做到“人无我有,人有我优”,在“新”字上下功夫,这样写成的文章才有希望焕发出创造的光彩。

三、使用材料,恰当巧妙

在材料作文中,材料在文章中的使用,也是一个不可忽视的问题。一般来说,引用材料有两种形式,即直接引用和间接引用(化用)。根据文体的不同,使用材料也有不同,一般而言,写成议论文,开头最好引述材料,以便更好地提出自己的观点;其他文体也不能完全脱开材料,要在恰当的地方直接和间接引用一下材料,否则容易造成于材料疏远的感觉。

材料的类型:

故事型

梗概、片断、寓言……

论说型

名言警句、哲理、议论文段……

事例型

名人事例、凡人小事……

情景型

生活场景、特别的细节……

图表型

一幅漫画或一个图表……

审题:

审题就是领悟题旨,是一种思维取向过程,也是写好作文的第一步。如果是写提供文字材料的作文,那么必须要正确全面地把握文字材料的意思。

方法:

首先要透视文题的字面意义,即显性要求;

然后再深入把握其内在的关系,即隐性要求。对显性要求要全面、完整地理解文字材料的内容;

对隐性要求要明了文字材料的情感意向,即材料所指的人或事、现象或问题所表现出来的肯定或否定的态度。

误区:

1.误把材料作文的材料,当作话题作文的材料。

2.误把材料作文的材料,看作命题作文的提示。

材料作文的材料是命题的有机组成部分,往往很具体,有完整意思,命题从材料中来,作文内容又离不开材料。而命题作文有时附有的提示,一般来说,或说明或阐述,并不含有具体内容。

有时附了二或三则材料,必须抓准材料之间的联系点或对比点,不能只看一则材料而不及其余。有时材料蕴含了比喻义,要求类比阐述,如“‘回声’的启示”所附的小孩和小山的对话,如果就事论事地谈文明礼貌而不去阐述人与自然或人与他人的关系,就在理解上发生了偏差。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇9

不可不知的雅思写作基础知识

雅思写作想要拿到高分,下面的三个雅思写作常识你就不得不知道,这三个常识可以非常有效的解决你的许多问题,希望对老鸭们有所帮助。

常识一: 避免重复

1. 尽量避免重复使用同样的词汇。或者有的时候虽然词汇没有重复,但意思却有重复。这时候可以做一些简化的工作。例如下面这个例子:

On the other hand, taking some advises from other can also help you cultivate some useful experience and improve your ability to distinguish the correct information from the error one. As the fast development of our economy system, the fastest and correct information can be seemed as the most valuable tools to achieve profit. And the ability to distinguish valuable information from the useless one is more and more important. And the only way to cultivate this skill is to receive opinions from others.

常识二:选择最恰当的句式和短语表达

选择合适的语法结构可以使句子意思的表达更为精确和简练。虽然句式的"多样性也很重要,但选择最恰当的语法结构仍然是更为重要的考虑因素。短语也是非常重要的锻炼语言组织以及简练的重要方面之一所以考生们锻炼句式方面上应该多花时间来记忆更多短语的使用方式和方法。

常识三: 避免空洞的单词和词组

1. 一些空洞的单词或词组根本不能为句子带来任何相关的或重要的信息,完全可以被删掉。比如下面的句子:

When all things are considered , young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion.

这句话当中的“ when all things are considered ”和“ in my opinion “都显得多余。完全可以去掉。改为:

Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents.

2. 有些空洞和繁琐的表达方式可以进行替换,例如:

Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time.

“ due to the fact that ”就是一个很典型的繁琐的表达方式的例子,可以替换,简化为下面的表达方式:

Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now.

雅思作文写作基础知识篇10

雅思作文写作基础知识大全

1.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy

2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard .

3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology.

4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges.

5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development

7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention.

8.不可否认It is undeniable that…/There is no denying that …

9.热烈的讨论/争论a heated discussion/ debate

10.有争议性的问题a controversial issue

11.完全不同的"观点a totally different argument

12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others…

13.就我而言/就个人而言As far as I am concerned, / Personally,

14.就…达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…

15.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons

16.双方的论点argument on both sides

17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in …

18.对…必不可少be indispensable to …

19.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:

20.…也不例外…be no exception

21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on …

22.利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

23.导致,引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

24.复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon

25.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement

26.竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation

27.开阔眼界widen one"s horizon/ broaden one"s vision

28.学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills

29.经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden

30.考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration

31.从另一个角度from another perspective

32.做出共同努力make joint efforts

33.对…有益be beneficial / conducive to…

34.为社会做贡献make contributions to the society

35.打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for…

36.综合素质comprehensive quality

37.无可非议blameless / beyond reproach /above (或beyond) reproach

39.致力于/投身于be committed / devoted to…

40.应当承认Admittedly

雅思作文写作基础知识篇11

第一节诗歌概述

诗歌是文学的重要体裁之一。“诗言志,歌咏言”(《尚书·尧典》)“故哀乐之心感,而歌咏之声发。诵其言谓之诗,咏其声谓之歌。”(《汉书·艺文志》)

诗歌具有认识作用、教育作用和审美价值。“古有采诗之官,王者所以观风俗,知得失,自考正也。”(《汉书·艺文志》)孔子提倡“温柔敦厚”的儒家诗教。劳动者也重视诗的作用,“饥者歌其食,劳者歌其事”。我国历来强调“诗言志”。言志的诗必须具有从思想感情上影响人和对人进行道德规范的力量。“诗是人类向未来所寄发的信息;诗给人类以朝向理想的勇气。”(艾青:《诗论》)

诗歌具有以下三个特点:

(一)思想内容的集中性。诗歌是一定的社会生活的最集中的表现。“意思犹五谷也,文,则炊而为饭;诗,则酿而为酒。”(吴乔《围炉诗话》)诗歌思想内容的集中性主要体现在:它是通过创造意境(诗的形象)来表达作者思想感情,反映社会生活的。意境,就是内情与外景的水乳交融,情理、形神的和谐统一,就是具有强烈感染力和启示力的富于诗味的艺术世界。

(二)表达方法的抒情性。诗歌是一种抒情的文学样式。“诗者,志之所之也,在心为志,发言为诗。情动于中而形于言”。(《毛诗序》)诗贵真情。“没有感情,就没有诗人,也没有诗歌。”(别林斯基)“诗者:根情,苗言,华声,实义。”(白居易)“诗的创作贵在自然流露。诗的生成如像自然物的生存一般,不当掺以丝毫的矫揉造作。我想新体诗的生命便在这里。”(郭沫若)诗歌的抒情与其他文学样式的抒情相比较,其表现特别强烈。

(三)语言形式的音乐性。诗是最富音乐性的语言艺术。“情发于声,声成文谓之音”(毛诗序),和谐的音韵,鲜明的节奏,是诗歌区别于其他文学样式的一个基本特点。马克思说:“既然你用韵文写,你就应该把你的韵律安排得更艺术一些。”鲁迅要求:“新诗先要有节调,押大致相近的韵”。总之,诗的本质是:通过精心制作的语言,形象地表现独特的思想感情,巧妙地从特殊中显示一般,使自我的感觉世界和情感世界达到和谐与统一。

第二节诗歌的写作

初学者怎样学习写诗呢?

一、捕捉和创造诗的形象

(一)诗用形象思维写作

别林斯基早就指出:“哲学家用三段论法,诗人则用形象和图画说话,然而他们说的都是同一件事。”(《一八四七年俄国文学一瞥》)这就告诉我们,写诗要用形象思维。所谓用形象思维,首先指的是深入生活时,要对生活进行形象的感受,形象地体验生活、观察生活、分析生活。

进行形象思维,要在形象感受的基础上,善于进行形象的捕捉。艾青指出:“形象思维的活动,在于使一切难以捕捉的东西,一切飘忽的东西固定起来,鲜明地呈现在读者的面前,象印子打在纸上样地清楚。”因此他说:“写诗的人常常为表达一个观念而寻找形象。”能捕捉到新颖的形象,也就有了写诗的素材。那么怎样才能捕捉到形象呢?这就要靠灵感。马雅可夫斯基举过一个捕捉形象的例子:大约在19,他从萨拉托夫回到莫斯科。

为了对一个在火车上同路的女人表示他对她完全没有邪念,诗人就说道:“我不是男人,而是穿着裤子的云”。说了这句话之后,他立即考虑到这话可以入诗——但他又担心这句话口头上传出去白白地滥用掉了。那怎么办呢?他十分焦急,差不多有半小时,诗人用许多问题问那少女,直到他相信自己的话已从少女的另一只耳朵飞了出动之后,他才放心。两年之后,他用了“穿裤子的云”作为一首长诗的标题。

(二)诗是“想象的表现”亚里士多德说:“诗需要一种特殊的赋予,或其人有疯狂的成分,或者使他容易想象所要求的神态。”雪莱:“一般来说,诗歌可以解作‘想象的表现’。”布莱士列特:“诗歌是想象和激情的语言。”别林斯基:“在诗中想象是主要活动力量。创作过程只有通过想象才能完成。”艾青说:“没有想象就没有诗”,“诗人最重要的才能就是运用想象。”诗人的想象和科学家的想象不同。培根指出:“诗是一门学问,在文学的韵律方面大部分有限制,但在其他方面极端自由,并且和想象有关系。想象因为不受物质规律的束缚,可以随意把自然分开的东西联合,把联合的东西分开。这就造成了不合法的配偶和离异。”雪莱也说过:“诗使它触及的一切变形。”安徒生在他的童话《创造》中写道:一个爱写诗的青年人,因为写不出好诗来而苦恼,于是去找巫婆。巫婆给他戴上眼镜,安上听筒,他就听到了马铃薯在唱自己家庭的历史,野李树在讲故事,而人群中,一个故事接着一个故事在不停地旋转。这里说的其实是,要做一个诗人光凭常人的听觉还不够,还得有诗人变形的眼镜和听筒。所以,我们写诗,既要对生活特征观察得很精确,而同时又不缺乏把这些特征加以变化的勇气。由于变形,诗的形象往往具有象征的意义。例如臧克家的《老马》:

总得叫大车装个够,这刻不知道下刻的命,

它横竖不说一句话,它有泪只往心里咽,

背上的压力往肉里扣,眼里飘来一道鞭影,

它把头沉重的垂下!它抬起头来望望前面。

这里写的并不仅仅是一匹可怜的老马,而主要是写三十年代北方农民忍辱负重、坚韧不拔的精神素质。“老马”是个有象征意义的形象。

(三)诗歌形象的创造马雅可夫斯基在《怎样写诗》中对青年作者说:“应该使诗达到最大限度的传神。传神的巨大手段之一是形象。”艾略特认为,创造形象就是“寻找思想的客观对应物。”具体方法很多,例如:虚与实转化;人与物转化;物与物转化;内与外转化;大与小转化;远与近转化;少与多转化;部分与整体转化;历史与现实转化;现实与未来转化等。

需要强调的是:诗中的诗人形象和景物形象都是为表现情感、情绪、情趣服务的。诗的情感性重于形象性,离开抒情需要去胡乱堆砌形象,只能损害诗歌。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇12

1 At last

很多人在应该用“finally”或 “lastly”的地方用“at last”。

“at last” 即使跟另外那两个单词一样,可以被译成中文的“最终”或“最后”,但它们还是有不一样的用法。

我们为了谈论某一个过了很长时间后才被完成的事情会用“at last”。通常,我们对完成事情的时间长度不满意才用“at last”。

比如:我等了整整两个小时,她十点半终于到了。

I waited for a full two hours. At last she arrived at half past ten.

我找了两年工作,也参加了50多个面试。我两周前终于被招聘了。

I looked for a job for two years and did over 50 interviews. At last, I got hired two weeks ago.

在以上两句话,我们也可以用“finally”代替“at last”。

但以下的这些例子里,我们就只能用“finally”或 “lastly”,并不能用“at last”。

Firstly........... Secondly.............. Lastly/Finally

你要先吃饭,然后洗盘子,最后把它们擦干净。

First you’ve got to eat, then wash the dishes and finally/lastly dry them.

最终,我对这件事情的最后一个观点是。

Finally/Lastly, my last point on this subject is....

2 In a word

很多雅思考生以为“in a word”像“finally”和“lastly”一样可以被用于文章的总结。事实上这个词组不经常出现在书面英语。这个词组在现实生活中出现最多的情况就是电视采访上。

通常节目时间很有限,马上就快要结束的时候,主持人就会问最后一个问题,然后为了提醒嘉宾时间很紧,就会加上“In a word”。

这样嘉宾就知道他没时间提供一个很完整很长的答案,得尽量直接用一个单词,通常“yes” or “no”回答。

例子:你打算明年退休吗?

In a word, 不打算。

Do you plan to retire next year? In a word.

In a word, no.

在你看来,谁将赢得世界杯?

In a word, 德国.

In your opinion, who will win the World Cup?

In a word, Germany.

3 Weather/Pollution

在中文里好像不怎么分别【污染】与【天气】那两件事。那导致很多雅思考生在写关于污染的作文时,错用weather(天气)那个单词。英语的weather是自然现象,只是自然现象,所以weather和pollution (污染)是两回事。长期来看,严重的pollution当然可以影响世界的weather。

可是当被问到某一个地方的weather怎么样时,英语母语人不会考虑到pollution。他会谈到那边的温度,雨量,那边下不下雪等。

例子:墨西哥城的天气怎么样?

我不太喜欢,夏天太热并且空气污染很严重。

How’s the weather in Mexico City?

I don’t really like it, it’s too hot in summer. Another thing I don’t like is the air pollution there.

跟以上话题有关的一个更常见的错误是:把用于表达雾霾的意思的单词用错了。

很多人都用“haze”,“mist”,“fog”那三个单词中的某一个,但它们也只是自然现象,相当于汉语的“雾气”。

非自然的,由于污染产生的雾霾是:“smog”或“air pollution”。

4 Good to your health

一般来说介词的正确使用对外语学生来讲挺难掌握。在英语里,某人对另外一个人好是:“to be good to someone”。但某一个东西对其他东西好,比如对人的健康好,则是“to be good for something” (e.g. one’s health)。

例子:我真对我朋友好,每次一起吃饭我都让给他们买单的荣幸。

I’m really good to my friends, whenever we eat together I always give them the honor of paying the bill.

你不知道每天吃三次巧克力冰淇淋对身体不好吗?

是吗?那从明天开始我把早饭换到巧克力蛋糕!

Don’t you know that eating chocolate ice-cream three times a day is bad for your health?

Really? Ok, starting tomorrow I’ll change to chocolate cake for breakfast.

5 Government

大多数时候,当我们用英语谈到政府时,除非我们把它做为形容词(如:政府政策 government policies),我们还是前面用“the”,或者后面加个“s”。

如果我们谈论我们自己国家的政府那应该说“the government”,而当我们指全世界的所有政府时要说“governments”。很多学生一直用“government”,那个“the”或“s”都不加。

雅思写作不会要求你谈到你自己国家的情况。所有课题都是关于很广泛的在任何国家能发生的现象,因此应该用的单词是“governments”。

比如:可以做什么降低癌症发病率?政府应该在研究上花费更多钱。

What can be done to decrease cancer rates? Governments should spend more money on research.

我认为天气不好时政府应该允许学生放假。每当温度超出18度就该让大家享受太阳,每当在17度以下时,该让我们躲避寒冷!

I think governments should give students holidays whenever the weather is bad. Every time the temperature goes over 18 degrees, let everyone enjoy the sunshine, every time it’s under 17 degrees let everyone hide from the cold!

6 economy/economic/economics

很多人说中文是最难学会的外语之一。

他们可能有道理,但中文有一些容易的地方。

比如学会一个名词,你不用学相关的形容词。

a country’s economy是一个国家的经济

an economic crisis是一个经济危机

以及an economics professor也是一位教经济的教授。

但同时,中文的这个特点也给学英语的中国人带来很多困难。

一个中文单词可以代表两三个英语单词的意思,它们也会听起来很像,但这些英文单词实际上有的是动词,有的是名词,有的是形容词,会不一样。

最常见的错误之一是【经济】。此外,【健康】(health/healthy)和【无聊】(bored/boring)也常常被混淆。

例子:你好像不在乎自然环境。

不在乎,只要经济继续发展,我们可以造出更高的山,更长的河。

You don’t seem to care about the environment?

No I don’t, as long as the economy keeps developing, we can build taller mountains and longer rivers!

自从经济危机开始我就找不到工作。

哇,那大概你都没有上班了吗?

我是指是九十年代的经济危机!

Since the start of the economic crisis I haven’t been able to find work.

Wow, so you haven’t worked in around 10 years?

I mean the economic crisis in the 1990s!

你不上经济课吗?

男朋友那么有钱,我干嘛学经济!

You’re not going to your economics class?

With a boyfriend that rich, why study economics?

7 White collars

英语的“a white collar”(白色的领子),就是你真正会穿的那种白色衬衫有的那个领子。而那些在办公室上班的人,中文称为【白领】的则应该用英文“white collar workers”表达。

每当我看到学生写的类似这样的句子:“white collars usually take public transport to work”,我就会不由自主地想象一大堆脱离了衬衫的白色衣领在地铁站排队的景象!

例子:原来我蛮喜欢做白领,然后公司的IT部门封锁了淘宝。

At first I really liked white collar work, then the IT department blocked taobao!

8 to be used to/to get used to

“To be used to”是指已经习惯。

如:“I´m used to the food here.”(我已经习惯这边的食物)。

“To get used to”是指变习惯的过程。

如:“It will take a few months to get used to the food there。”(将需要几个月习惯那边的食物)。

有一些学生是把那两个词组搞混了,还有很多人哪怕知道了它们的区别,也还是会用选动词的形式。

我曾经看过类似:“He was get used to”/ “I will getting used to”/ “He must to get used to”/ “They are not be used to”等等错误的表达。

例子:明天有空吗?咱们十一点半一起吃早午饭吧?

我不习惯那么早起床!

Are you free tomorrow? Let’s meet for brunch at half eleven?

I’m not used to getting up so early!

你需要很长时间习惯泰国的食物吗?

是的,那边麦当劳的汉堡不太一样!

Did it take you a long time to get used to the food in Thailand?

Yes, the burgers in McDonald’s there are somewhat different.

9 even/even though/even if

这三个词汇有细微的差别。

很多雅思考生经常在应该用“even though”或“even if”的时候用“even”。

一般来说,单独的“even”是用于表达“连.....也....”,“甚至”的意思。

如:

他已经做完作业吗?

他甚至没打开书包。

Has he finished his homework?

He hasn’t even opened his school bag!

我们想表达“即使”或“虽然”或“尽管”的意思时,通常用“even though”或“even if”。

我们选它们中的哪一个取决于事情的可能性。

在谈论事实情况或已经发生的事情,我们用“even though”。

如:我即使刚吃完一整个比萨饼,我还是愿意吃提拉米苏。

Even though I just ate a full pizza, I’m still willing to have tiramisu.

“Even if”就像本身的“if”一样是用于谈论以后可能会发生的事情,以及我们想象的不可能的事情。

例子:

就算我死,也死得安心。

Then even if I die, I will die at ease.

10 A news

英语的“news”(新闻)是不可数名词。

一个新闻或一个消息是“a news story”或“some news”。

例子:这些新闻都是关于一只会踢踏舞的狗。

These news stories are all about a dog that can tap dance.

This news is all about a dog that can tap dance.

以上就是十个常见表达的正确用法你都get了吗,光知道还不行,试着在写作中融会贯通用起来吧。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇13

写作基础知识:材料作文

一、材料作文的概念

材料作文,是根据所给材料和要求来写文章的一种作文形式。材料作文的特点是要求考生依据材料来立意、构思,材料所反映的中心就是文章中心的来源,不能脱离材料所揭示的中心来写作,故材料作文又叫“命意作文”,即出题者已经把作文的“基本中心(意)”提供给考生了。一般来说材料作文由材料和要求两部分组成,材料按形式分,有记叙性材料(故事、寓言等)、引语式材料和图画式材料。材料作文比命题作文、半命题作文更有利于考生发挥自己的作文水平,考生可以通过自己对材料的理解和解读,选择适合自己的文体进行写作。

二、材料作文的写作策略

① 引:恰当地引用材料,开头既要引述材料,在论证时还要回扣材料(不能全部照抄),对材料进行分析后,或摘要或概述,三言五语即可。

② 议:是对材料中提供的信息进行分析议论,对人物关系的分析,对结果的预测,对原因的追问等,目的是为了提出观点做铺垫,这部分不能太长,百字左右即可。

③ 提:提出论点(或观点),文字简炼,一两句话就可以,观点明确。

④ 联:这是文章的关键,可由材料推开去,可联系历史人物、历史故事,可联系现实生活,今人今事;可以正面举例

也可以反面证明;可以摆事实,也可以讲道理。最少要举两个例子,一古一今或一正一反,多角度多侧面得把中心论点阐述得深刻有力,三四百字即可。

⑤ 深:深入分析。 怎样深入分析??

分析原因,说明好处(或危害),找出症结。

⑥ 结:收敛全篇,总结全文,宜对论述的问题有所深化,不要故作惊人之语,强调精炼有力,不要画蛇添足。

在话题作文出现之前,材料作文是中考试卷中经常出现的一种作文考查形式,在话题作文中,材料只是提出话题的背景,材料与文章是一种疏远的关系;而材料作文中的材料则是作文观点的重要载体,是写作内容选择和立意的依据,考生必须从材料中提炼出一个观点进行写作,离开了材料就是离题,文章与材料是一种很亲密的关系。由此可见,写作材料作文,必须针对其“材料重要性”特点,采取有效的写作的策略,才能更好地写出高质量的考场作文,具体来说要特别注意以下三个方面。

三、材料作文的写作技巧

1、读懂材料,全面把握

读懂材料是材料作文写作的重要前提,没有读懂材料必然会模糊作文,以致出现偏题或者离题的现象,读懂材料必须全面把握,切不可断章取义,执其一端,而要抓住重点,明白内容,理清关系,理解中心,为立意奠定一个较好的审题基础。

全面把握材料和理解材料,不可从某一局部入手,只抓住片言只语不放,否则容易跑题。但是要抓住材料中的关键词语或语句,深刻理解其本质意义,这对于把握材料的中心很有帮助。

如哈尔滨市中考作文题的材料为:一位雕塑家完成了一座非常美丽的雕塑,有人问他:“你是怎样雕出这座完美的`雕塑的?”雕塑家回答:“这座雕像原来就在那里,我只是将它多余的边边角角去掉而已。”其实,在人生中,你就是那座雕像,只要去掉外面的边边角角,就能获得完美的自我!而那位出色的雕塑家,就是你自己。

整体上看是讲“雕塑”与“个人成长”之间的一个类比关系,关键词是“边边角角”,要注意联想到自己成长过程当中多余的可以去除的一些东西,可以是行为、习惯、语言、穿着等等。如果把重点放在如何“获得完美的自我”则没有抓住材料的中心,显然是跑题了。

2、立意求准,力求新颖

材料作文也是“命意作文”,立意好坏直接影响到作文的深刻与否和创新程度,因此,写材料作文,在读懂材料的基础上,要尽量在立意上求准求新。

所谓求准,就是要把握住材料的内容,牢记主题必须从材料中得来,切不可脱离材料,否则就容易写出失败之作。

所谓求新,就是要努力突破思维定势,超越一般人的惯常思路,应该发人之所未发,言人之所不能言,力争做到“人无我有,人有我优”,在“新”字上下功夫,这样写成的文章才有希望焕发出创造的光彩。

3、使用材料,恰当巧妙

在材料作文中,材料在文章中的使用,也是一个不可忽视的问题。一般来说,引用材料有两种形式,即直接引用和间接引用(化用)。根据文体的不同,使用材料也有不同,一般而言,写成议论文,开头最好引述材料,以便更好地提出自己的观点;其他文体也不能完全脱开材料,要在恰当的地方直接和间接引用一下材料,否则容易造成于材料疏远的感觉。

二、材料作文的材料类型

故事型

梗概、片断、寓言……

论说型

名言警句、哲理、议论文段……

事例型

名人事例、凡人小事……

情景型

生活场景、特别的细节……

图表型

一幅漫画或一个图表……

雅思作文写作基础知识篇14

Dear Mr and Mrs Brock,

I hope you are doing great. It is a shame that we do not know each other very well and I would like to apologise for that. I am writing this letter to respond to your complaint letter that you sent me yesterday about the noise on last Saturday. I sincerely apologise for the inconvenience and humbly ask for your forgiveness.

With the concern of home safety, my wife and I decided to install a few smoke detectors in our flat, especially after we saw a devastating fire in our neighbourhood lately. We bought the devices from an online store and started to install and test the gadgets when the shipment had arrived. To ensure that the sound of the fire alarm is loud enough and everyone in the house would notice it, we tested the gadgets for about 20 minutes. Although the testing took place at midday on last Saturday, my wife and I are terribly sorry that your child’s nap was bothered.

I beg for your understanding and forgiveness. Please accept this box of chocolate as a token of my deepest regret for the inconvenience.

Yours sincerely,

Lesner

G类写作之道歉信写作常用句型

开头:Apology –目的+原因+再次表示歉意 / 补救措施

1. I am writing to apologize for …

2. I am terribly sorry, but…

3. Thank you for …, but I am sorry to say that…

End of an apology letter

1. I hope you can accept my apologies. Please allow me to say sorry again.

2. Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

3. I would be very grateful if you could tell me if there is any way that I can make up for it. I do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you.

G类写作之道歉信常用词汇:

apologize to sb. for sth. 因为...向某人道歉

awfully 非常

behavior 行为

excuse 借口

failure 失败

fault 错误

forgive 原谅

ignorant 无知的

inconsiderateness 不顾及他人

inconvenience 不方便

make an apology 道歉

make up for it 弥补

misunderstand 误解

negligent 疏忽的

offend 冒犯

overlook 忽略

regret后悔

remedy 补救

remove 消除

shoulder the responsibility 承担责任

thoughtless 欠考虑的

雅思G类写作思路指导之咨询信

G类雅思写作Task 1的考试时间为20分钟,算上读题,思考和写作加检查,时间非常紧张。考生在平时复习的时候,要注意训练做题速度。练习尽量在纸上进行,考生可打印多份答题纸,练习过程中用计时器,还原雅思考试真实的考试场景。

本期介绍的是雅思G类写作中不太常见的咨询信,咨询信的写作思路大体是:自我介绍说明写信目的,咨询具体事由内容,表达感谢并盼望回复等。

咨询信写作结构:

第一部分自我介绍,说明写信目的(询问某方面情况),指明你所需要的信息;

第二部分提供相关背景信息,指出你为什么需要这些信息。询问具体相关事宜。指明你什么时候需要这些信息;

第三部分表达请求帮助的愿望,预先感谢对方的帮助,并表示希望早日得到答复。

You would like to participate in a work-related seminar

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

You would like to participate in a work-related seminar in another country. Write a letter to the person in charge of the seminar and ask for detailed information regarding the dates, program, accommodation and cost.

Write at least 150 words.

You do NOT need to write any address.

雅思作文写作基础知识篇15

(一)商务文书的分类

在实际工作中,大家可能会遇到形形色色、各种各样的商务文书,根据其形式和内容用途可以大致将其划分为以下的类型:

1.按形式来划分

以形式作为划分标准,商务文书可以大致分为以下两类:

固定格式的商务文书

常见的固定格式的商务文书主要有:商务合同、邀请信、通知、请示以及批复。相比较而言,这类商务文书的格式是有比较规范的要求的。

非固定格式的商务文书

而所谓非固定格式的商务文书,在日常工作中则往往应用得更为广泛,其中最为大家所熟悉的就是随着计算机和网络一起兴起的电子邮件。

2.按内容用途来划分

以内容以及用途作为划分标准,商务文书则又可以分为以下两类:

通用的商务文书

常见的通用商务文书主要有:通知、会议纪要、请示、批复、总结、备忘录以及报告等。由于相对于礼仪性商务文书而言,这些文体使用得更为频繁,所以在课程后面的内容中将对它们的写作方法进行专门的讨论。

礼仪性的商务文书

而所谓礼仪性的商务文书,则主要是指贺信、贺电、邀请书、请柬以及慰问信。

(二)商务文书写作的作用

正如前文所提到的,商务文书写作是很多人工作的一部分;而每个人工作首先都是有私心的,即工作首先是为了生存而不是为了做出贡献,然后再将私心通过公心来实现——公司或单位好,个人才可以好。因此,商务文书写作对于更好地完成大家的工作是非常重要的。

《福布斯》杂志的创始人——马尔克姆·福布斯曾经说“一封好的商务信函,可以让你得到一次面试的机会,帮助你摆脱困境,或者为你带来财富”。也就是说,写好商务文书在一定程度上能够给大家带来很大的经济利益。

【案例1】

单向沟通的表现

日常工作生活中有很多陷入单向沟通的例子,比如说短信。在一般情况下,无论对方是否想接收短信,只要手机开着他就会收到,并且往往根据他自己当时的心情去诠释短信的内容。而发送人的心情则通常难以得到传递,由此而引发不必要的误会和误解。

(三)学习商务文书写作的关键

商务文书写作的核心内容包括以下几个部分,这些内容也就是本课程的主要构成:

商务文书的写作步骤以及相应的重点;

商务文书的写作技巧;

商务文书写作的注意事项;

商务文书写作应掌握的范例。

(四)商务文书写作的特点与要素

1.商务文书写作的特点。提炼出商务文书以下的特点:

简明

正所谓“句中无余字,篇内无赘语”,“简明”是商务文书首要特点。

准确

而所谓“准确”,就是要求商务文书要做到“一字入公文,九牛拔不出”,不要像“关门闭户掩柴飞”这样的表达一样将同样一个意思重复三次。在意思清楚的前提下,商务文书写作应追求尽量用一段话、一句话甚至是一个词将核心意思表达出来。

朴实

所谓“朴实”,就是指在商务文书写作中不要去刻意地堆砌辞藻,一代文豪白居易尚且不这样做,我们就更不必在这个方面显示自己的实力和水平了。

庄重

所谓“庄重”,是指在商务文书中对整体风格的把握不要过于诙谐幽默,太多的玩笑会极大地影响文书的严肃性。

规范

商务文书写作在很多方面还具有规范性强的特点,其中标点符号的规范性就尤为重要,但是却往往被大家所忽视。

2.商务文书写作的要素

商务文书写作有以下四个要素:

主旨

所谓“主旨”,就是指商务文书的中心思想,即作者所要表达的意思。就是应该对方看到该商务文书后产生作者所希望的感受和行动。在主旨方面,应该遵循“正确、务实、集中、鲜明”的原则。

材料

好的商务文书不是一蹴而就,需要围绕作者的主旨来收集很多相关方面的素材。在材料方面,应该遵循“收集要多、选择要严、使用要巧”的原则。

结构

好的商务文书还应该具有良好的结构,否则会导致在不应该浪费笔墨的地方花费很多不必要的时间,而需要去强调的内容则被相应的弱化。在结构方面,可以选择“篇段合一式、分层表达式、分条列项式”等方式。

语言

如果说主旨、材料以及结构构成了商务文书的骨骼,那么在其中行文的语言就是对其进行填充和丰富的血肉。在语言方面,应该做到“风格平直朴实庄重、表达规范准确简练”,最低要求也必须进行拼写检查以保证用词的准确。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇16

Task:To improve the quality of education, people think that we should encourage our students to evaluate and criticize their teachers. Others believe that it will result in a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Sample answer:

Nowadays, whether evaluating and criticising teachers should be supported in the classroom has become a controversial issue. From my perspective, evaluation and criticism of teachers are necessary for the improvement of education if they are objective and reasonable.

On the one hand, proposing changes to teachers’ lesson content contributes to the improvement of teaching quality. Usually, it is difficult for teachers to realise the mistakes and slips in their teaching unless students remind them. Additionally, teachers may not clearly know what students have known and want to know when planning their lessons. If students can put forward their ideas and suggestions towards the lesson, it will be of great help for teachers to upgrade the teaching projects. Moreover, trying to evaluate teachers’ lesson is particularly beneficial for students’ academic and career development in the future. The modern education emphasises criticism and innovation. Undoubtedly, it is an effective way for students to debate or discuss with teachers.

On the other hand, the disruptive students will probably disturb the class and negatively affect both teaching and learning outcomes. When students voice their opinions in the classroom, it will be hard to maintain the order and discipline and the teachers may feel disrespected. Also, students will suffer a loss in terms of knowledge and other learning content. This is because teachers always devote much to delivering knowledge and explaining theories. If they are disrupted, the teaching plan may not be able to be fulfilled. As a result, both teachers and students have to face a loss in the quality of education.

To sum up, it can be recommended that students evaluate and criticise teachers in the classroom on the premise that they have decent manners without disturbing the learning atmosphere. Only in this way will teachers and students achieve a win-win outcome in education.

Task:To improve the quality of education, people think that we should encourage our students to evaluate and criticize their teachers. Others believe that it will result in a loss of respect and discipline in the classroom. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Sample answer:

Nowadays, whether evaluating and criticising teachers should be supported in the classroom has become a controversial issue. From my perspective, evaluation and criticism of teachers are necessary for the improvement of education if they are objective and reasonable.

On the one hand, proposing changes to teachers’ lesson content contributes to the improvement of teaching quality. Usually, it is difficult for teachers to realise the mistakes and slips in their teaching unless students remind them. Additionally, teachers may not clearly know what students have known and want to know when planning their lessons. If students can put forward their ideas and suggestions towards the lesson, it will be of great help for teachers to upgrade the teaching projects. Moreover, trying to evaluate teachers’ lesson is particularly beneficial for students’ academic and career development in the future. The modern education emphasises criticism and innovation. Undoubtedly, it is an effective way for students to debate or discuss with teachers.

On the other hand, the disruptive students will probably disturb the class and negatively affect both teaching and learning outcomes. When students voice their opinions in the classroom, it will be hard to maintain the order and discipline and the teachers may feel disrespected. Also, students will suffer a loss in terms of knowledge and other learning content. This is because teachers always devote much to delivering knowledge and explaining theories. If they are disrupted, the teaching plan may not be able to be fulfilled. As a result, both teachers and students have to face a loss in the quality of education.

To sum up, it can be recommended that students evaluate and criticise teachers in the classroom on the premise that they have decent manners without disturbing the learning atmosphere. Only in this way will teachers and students achieve a win-win outcome in education.

雅思写作范文:儿童保育中心

Task:Some working parents believe childcare centers can provide best care for their children, while others think of other family members like grandparents can do this job. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Sample answer:

Traditionally, toddlers are raised by their relatives such as grandparents in most countries. However, daycare centers have gained a growing popularity among working parents in recent years. From my point of view, attending a childcare center has more benefits.

One obvious argument in favor of daycare centers is that it provides children with the professional childhood education. This is because a good daycare centre is normally equipped with well-trained staff who can impart different skills, such as singing, dancing, painting and storytelling, to children through a variety of activities during the day. In addition to the well-organised, structured projects, toddlers are provided with more opportunities to socialize with other peers, which helps them gain confidence and self-consicousness. However, these opportunities are rare to achieve if they are watched over by grandparents.

Opponents feel that a relative care is as effective as children center. The reason for this is that taking care of a child is never an easy task, as children need constant love and attention. In fact, due to the limited number of caregivers, children are less likely to get the one-on-one care. By contrast, relatives, grandparents in particular, have sufficient time to take care of their beloved grandchildren, which also contributes to the family bond.

I personally believe that no child can become an active and valuable member of any society without intercommunicating with other peers. Therefore, although there are conniving arguments for a relative care, it is better to send them into daycare centers in the childhood period.

雅思写作范文:年轻男士应具有的形象

年轻的单身男士们受够了被人说成幼稚、迟钝和沉湎于性。据一项最新调查显示,大多数年轻男士认为应该拥有灵魂伴侣,不怕作出承诺,而且真正的男人是会流泪的。

A couple watches the sun set at Kuta beach on Bali October 3, .Young, single men are fed up with being typecast as immature, insensitive and sex-obsessed, with a survey finding that the majority believe in having a soul mate, aren"t scared of commitment, and say real men can cry.

该项调查有7万名平均年龄为28岁的男士参加。调查结果显示现代男性有自己的价值观、对爱情忠诚,并有家庭责任感,这打破了以往人们对现代男性的很多固有看法。

A poll of 70,000 men with an average age of 28 debunked many of the standard stereotypes to show that the modern man is driven by a sense of values, loyalty and family.

这项由男士生活网站AskMen.com开展的调查发现,77%的受访者希望找到“能成为妻子”的女朋友,75%的人称自己有灵魂伴侣,而69%的人则表示不会背叛自己的另一半。

The survey, by men"s lifestyle website AskMen.com, found that 77 percent of respondents look for girlfriends with “wife potential” while 75 percent believe they have a soul mate and 69 percent would never cheat on their partner.

AskMen网站主编詹姆斯?巴希尔说:“这些调查结果一定会让很多女性感到惊讶,多数女性对现代男性的想法和看法有截然不同的观点。”

“These survey results will be surprising to many women, most of whom have a completely different perspective of what the average man thinks and feels,” James Bassil, editor-in-chief of AskMen.com, said.

“那些认为年轻男士只想过单身生活,频繁换女朋友的看法根本不符合事实。”

“The idea that young guys only want to be single and jump from girlfriend to girlfriend is not true at all.”

这项为期五周的在线调查发现,60%的男性受够了媒体和广告对他们形象的不实描述。

雅思写作范文:奖励该给谁

Task:Some people think only best students should be rewarded, others think we should reward students who make progress.

Sample answer:

It is universally believed that providing students with many rewards is an effective way to improve academic performance. Although some would argue that only those top students are eligible to receive these rewards, I am in the camp that anyone who makes progress should be rewarded as well.

Firstly, advocates believe that it is reasonable to offer prizes to the high-level performers. This is because one needs to pay a great amount of effort than other classmates in order to earn a high grade in the exam. In addition, top performers normally act as a facilitator to encourage other students to work harder and they can create a competitive learning setting in the school.

However, rewarding top players merely is likely to result in some undesirable results in some occasions. The reason is that those best students are relatively few in the class. If we only pay attention to those high-level learners and ignore the rest of the students, the enthusiasm for study might be reduced. Some opponents, therefore, feel that it is necessary for teachers to give certain awards to those who put forward reasonable efforts in study. The extrinsic reward provided to them is not only a recognition of their former performance, but also a motivator for further study since a sense of accomplishment can boost their confidence and help them become the high-level students eventually.

In conclusion, my view is that both types of students should be rewarded, which is beneficial for the learning environment in the campus.

雅思作文写作基础知识篇17

雅思复习备考不是光埋头苦学就可以,还要讲究一定的方法技巧,这样才能取得更好的效果。今天为大家带来了雅思写作高分步骤的介绍,感兴趣的同学赶快来看下吧!

雅思写作如何写 高分步骤解析

一、分析雅思写作题目

Writing Task 2的问题可分为两类。

第一类问题需要以讨论形式作答,需要讲出正反两面双方的论点和自己的立场。可以设想这是一场辩论比赛,但要为两方发言,考生要写出足够的证据支持自己的论点和反驳对立的论点。

第二类问题是以报告形式作答,需要多描述和发掘有关题目的处境,并不需要太着重写自己的意见,应描述有关题目的处境和发掘事件的成因。虽然并不需要支持正/反一方的论点,但应在真实的处境上提出真实的证据。

二、考虑答案

在考虑答案时,应能想到两个或以上的论据支持自己的论点,这步骤被称为“Brainstorming”。考生可在一张白纸上写下所有在脑中浮现的文字,先不用理会写下的是否有用,可将题目也写在纸上,然后在围绕题目的地方将所写下的文字分门别类。

在第一类问题上,应至少想到2个或以上的支持论据,而在第二类问题上,也应至少想到2个或以上可供讨论的话题,但无论是回答哪一类问题,不建议写超过4个论据或话题,否则由于字数的限制,文章会变得太空泛。

三、计划和组织答案

考生或许没有时间完整写出计划,但必须在心里组织和安排好答案。

主要需要安排好4部份:

1) 题目和问题-要认清题目的要求和找出题目中想问的问题;

2) 介绍-这是用来表达文章的大意,如果要写的是一篇评论文,笔者的方向也要在这里表达出来;

3) 主体-如主体分为三段的话,通常前两段是观点和理由,后一段是用来平衡讨论的相反观点;

4) 结论-会包括一点比较次要的观点。

四、写答案

在一篇250字的文章中,介绍文应占大约40个字而结论文应占大约30个字。当计划好后,便可以开始作答。

1) 介绍(Introduction)

介绍文是一篇文章的“地图”,用来提导读者方向。介绍文中第一句的作用是用来说明整篇文章的总义和介绍文章的主题。之后的一至两句则是用来表达自己的个人意见(评论文)或支持论点的客观事实(报告),通常介绍文的最后一句是用来引出主体文。

2) 主体(Body)

与介绍文一样,主体文每段的第一句都是用来说明整段的大意,之后的内容可用连接词(如However, Although, Notonly, Also, Even though, Consequently, In addition等等)或顺序词(Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly ...)连贯在一起。

在一篇文章中,连接词尽量不要重复。如提出了一个论点,在同一段落里必须有支持这个论点的理由和证据,每段的最后一句通常用来总结整段的意思。在一篇评论文中,必须有一段相反论点以平衡整个讨论,在这一段里,必须能有理地反驳这些相反论点,讲出为什么要持相反意见。可强烈地、温和地或只是部分地反对。

以下是一些应写在这一段内的建议句子:

Many people…

Others…

Those who disagree believe that ... / may argue that ... /point out that ...

However, I strongly disagree ...

Nothing could be further from the truth (Strongdisagreement) because ...

In fact, ...

... for the following reasons: I find it hard to agree...

Nevertheless, I cannot agree ... (Mild disagreement)

Perhaps this is true, but it cannot be denied that ...

This is partly true, then again ... (Concessionaldisagreement)

3) 结论(Conclusion)

结论文的开始通常都会用一个特别结论句式(In general, To sum up, Toconclude, In conclusion等等)来串联整段。在结论文中,条件句(Conditional sentence) (If....,....)是非常有用的。当然,在文章的其他位置也可以用条件句,使用条件句时,须注意有没有文法错误。

在一篇250字的文章中,结论文通常只能有一至两句。结论只是用来总结文章之前的意思,除非只是一个次要观点,否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解,但如果题目要求的话,可在结论上提出建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。

揭秘:雅思写作拿到7.0以上的5大技巧

瓶颈形成的原因

明确原因对症下药才是解决之道,烤鸭们写作无法突破瓶颈,往往是因为以下2大认知误区作祟:

1、迷恋模板

部分考生很喜欢使用《十天雅思写作》这类东西,当然这种资料也确实有其功效,对于基础特别薄弱,分数要求是6分则请大胆使用。但如果想上6分或7分甚至更高,就不要用那么多的模板,或者挑与自己水平相适应的,不要挑些看起来很高级的,不然不但可能无用甚至产生反作用。

原因很简单,因为使用了不匹配的模板会让雅思考官明确感知到文本语言层次的巨大差异,试想一下如果一篇作文中,每段的开头结尾转折的地方都用些华丽丽的辞藻、文言文、诗句之类的,其他部分却是用最普通易懂的语言,这巨大的反差感,就像你去勾搭了一个大胸妹子,待嘿嘿时候,却是…

2、追求所谓的高级

有些人认为写作要拿高分,一定要用上很多高级词汇,以显示自己的高水准,其实不然。大家可以看看剑桥书后面的考官写的范文,其中并没有所谓的高级词汇,都是一些通俗易懂的,大家都认识的单词。但是为什么那种文章就是好呢?因为那些文章写的很通顺,观点阐述清晰明白,也就是所谓的”文通字顺“。做不到”文通字顺“却追求的都是复杂高级的句式和辞藻,好比爬梯上高楼,但梯子不堪你的重量而碎了,然后就…

突破瓶颈的5大技巧

就像提高中文写作的方法一样,提高英文写作最有效的方法依旧是分析高分范文。分析高分范文是如何进行开头和过度的。通过阅读范文,总结出自己的开头段与中间连接的各种词组、句子结构等等。其实也像是一种模板化,但是不是写书的专家给出的那种简单的模板。

当然考试还是需要一些特别实用的技巧的,以下5点技巧与各位烤鸭分享:

Tip1:不要用你自己都不熟悉的单词,不要制造机会让考官扣你分。

Tip2:小作文多用些模板,以减少时间;大作文请尽量少用模板,如果要用,请用些没那么多人用的模板。

Tip3:外国人喜欢有案例来支持你的论点,所以请多写一些有关你论点的新闻报道或研究数据来作为例子。

Tip4:词汇咱们不求多华丽,只要句子结构和连接词用的出彩些,高分也不是问题。

比如:很多人用for example,for instance来举例,其实你可以用according to the lastest research,或like Prof..x said in University of NewYork:..x… 这些都是很普通却很有说服力的连接词。而书上模板往往让你背的是:for example,on the other hand等等。

通过一些技法可以让文章呈现出特别的气势,比如

普通的写法:

Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.

加工后的句型:

Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.

Tip5:写作是练出来的,所以考前3天请一定要写几篇练练。实在无法用笔写下的时候,就在脑子里过一遍自己熟悉自己的句型,形成一些小文。

雅思大作文:drug companies have the responsibility to help the poorer countries

雅思大作文题目:Some people say that drug companies have the responsibility to spend money on researching medicine to help the poorer countries,others think the main responsibility of drug companies is making money. Discuss both sides and give your opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文:

Nowadays, people attach more importance on health due to the increase of the cost on treatment. Whether the medical companies should take some social responsibility has raised a fierce discussion in the society, for which I reckon the answer is yes.

It is obvious that, in some cases, companies especially the national or multinational enterprises play as an leader not only in promoting the local economy, but also the spiritual aspect, where their intangible impact comes from, and that is more significant for medical industry, because the area is close to the public’s life. Such corporations have the ability, including distributing the fund and technology, to put more efforts in improving health for the poverty who can be beneficial immediately, so that it is efficient to improve the healthy level among the whole society. At the same time, following the action, the positive reputation can be achieved, which could be effective to enlarge their influence within the citizens who would take the priority over other brand.

However, the nature for the companies is to get more profits, which cannot be overlooked by other purposes, and the more money they earn, the more contribution they can make for the economy of the society. Meanwhile, the expenditure invested in the research and development of new drugs is enormous; if the profits are not guaranteed, the future of their career could be threatened, as well as the incomes for the employees, the consequence and the burden of which would be more serious especially when the companies are small-scaled.

In conclusion, although the difficulties and worries are looming in front all the medical corporations, it is worth taking the responsibility of creating a better living environment for the community where they are located to achieve a long-term win-win situation.

雅思大作文:it is important for all children to learn history

雅思大作文题目:Some people think it is important for all children to learn history in school. Others believe that other subjects are more relevant to children’s lives today. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

作文范文:

In the contemporary society, the public’s sight focus on the future development, while history has been a mystery area which people can find only in the museum; as a result, there is a suggestion that all the schoolchildren should learn history as a compulsory course, but the influence brought by other subjects cannot be ignored.

Undeniably, although it seems that history is far from people’s life, especially for the young generation who have limited understanding of the meaning of history, it helps us identify who we are and where we are from, which is regarded as the root in many traditional cultures. Besides, history always contains a variety of knowledge, ranging from literature to science; as long as the children start and have access to history, they could gain the sense of appreciating the wisdom of the ancestors and cultivate the interest in certain academic fields, benefiting for the future development.

On the other hand, shaping these offspring to be the talents for a country cannot only rely on the humane study; science and other practical skills would be more effective to explore their potential and train the critical thinking. By taking the personality into consideration among such generation, it is acceptable that the significance of current curriculum is to connect the content with the reality, since the advent of high technology plays an influential role, and to work in the relative industries would be the prime option while making decision of career.

In conclusion, the advantages of these two kinds of subjects are not overwhelming, which means that the combination of all the development could create the most efficient blue print in educating the descendants to be outstanding in both academic performance and personal identity.

雅思作文写作基础知识篇18

一、社会类

Some people think that it is better for a child to grow up in the countryside than in the city, others disagree. Discuss both views, and give your own opinion.

一些人认为让孩子在农村长大比在城市好,其他人不同意。讨论两种观点,给出你自己的观点。这题偏教育类,讨论农村和城市教育的差别,好坏。首先城市的教育资源显然是更加丰富和优秀的,但是在农村成长就没有一点好处了吗?这里建议考生谈谈留守儿童、教育资源分配以及家庭教育。

Some people think healthcare should be made free for all people, while others believe people should pay for healthcare by themselves. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

一些人认为医疗保健应该对所有人免费,而另一些人认为人们应该自己支付医疗保健。讨论两种观点并给出你自己的观点。

医疗资源紧张,费用高是全球性的问题,医疗服务属于公共服务,很多人除了国家规定医保,还会额外给自己买商业医疗保险。对于医疗费用我们应该视情况来看,一方面我们能够承担基础的医疗费用,而大病,危重病,困难家庭的大额医疗费用如何支付?全民免费医疗是高福利国家能够享受的,但是国情决定了我们暂时无法享受,同时,高福利也意味着高税收,这个也要考虑一个国家的经济发展水平了。建议考生谈谈公益组织、募捐、部分减免、医保报销等等。

More and more small and privately-owned shops in town and villages are closing, more and more large shops open to the countries. What are the reasons for this situation? is it a positive or negative development?

越来越多的城镇和乡村的小型和私营商店正在关闭,越来越多的大型商店在城市开放。造成这种情况的原因是什么?这是积极的还是消极的发展?

这个话题可以谈的角度很多,建议考生梳理一下逻辑,1.大企业对小企业的竞争碾压(大企业在价格、货源、产品丰富等多个方面的优势),2.城镇、乡村和城市的需求决定了小型商店的命运,城市发展进程中必然的优胜劣汰(乡镇的人少,需求少,城市人口密集,需求量大),3.人们购物习惯的改变(以前城镇乡村买醋只需要让孩子出门代步,现在人们习惯开车集中大批量采购)。

对于这个话题的利弊分析,主要还是从城市和农村人的生活便捷来讨论。

Nowadays, we can ship the food or fruits which are out of season to other countries does this practice waste time and money and totally unnecessary. Discuss both sides and what is your opinion.

现在,我们可以把不合季节的食物或水果运到其他国家,有人认为这样做浪费时间和金钱,完全没有必要。讨论双方的观点。

这个话题讨论的是国际运输的意义。反季节水果贸易给当地和企业带来了哪些好处或者坏处呢?好处当然是,反季节水果物以稀为贵,企业盈利,如果成本可控的情况下确实是好事。同时这也给当地带来就业。

对于消费者来说,随着科技的发展和开放的国际贸易环境,人们几乎可以吃到世界各地的水果,而且是反季节的,价格虽然稍微昂贵一些,但相比于买张机票去当地吃肯定是划算的。

当然,国际运输水果对于水果保鲜的技术要求很高,这造成了水果成本的提高,水果运输过程中的损耗也是损失。同时,运输成本过高对于企业压力也不小,所以铁路运输、公路运输也很必要。

二、教育类

Some people think that all school students should learn a foreign language. Others think that a student should not be required to learn a foreign language if he or she does not have talent for it. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

有些人认为所有的学生都应该学习一门外语。另一些人认为,如果学生没有学习外语的天赋,就不应该被要求学习外语。讨论这两种观点并给出你自己的观点。

这个话题其实讨论的是学习语言的意义和语言学习能力。首先,语言是工具,掌握一门语言能够帮助学生学习到更多东西,方便交流,在出国游玩学习等其他情境下沟通无障碍。并不是每个人都需要学习语言的,学习语言是需要天赋的,学习语言也需要很长的时间成本,如今翻译工具也很多,如果不是必需,完全没必要。

Many top universities are providing online courses to the student as an alternative of on campus as anyone can have access to them. Do you think it is positive or negative development?

许多顶尖大学正在为学生提供在线课程,作为在校园里任何人都可以接触到的另一种选择。你认为这是积极的还是消极的发展?

这里讨论的是在线课程的利弊,对于顶尖大学的教育资源共享当然是一件好事,任何人都能够随时随地学习知识,不过这个会影响出勤率吗?如果资源免费共享,那么对付了学费的学生是否公平呢?如果所有课程都能在线上课,如果一些心术不正的人学习了知识用于违法犯罪,也就是所谓的高智商犯罪,应该怎么办呢?

Many people think that the government should pay the tuition fees for all adults who interested in university studies. Do you agree or disagree?

许多人认为政府应该为所有对大学学习感兴趣的成年人支付学费。你同意还是不同意?

关于教育部分的财政支出,许多国家都支持9年制义务教育,甚至制义务教育,但是对于成年人是否需要为他们提高教育补贴呢?

从国家层面来说,成年人如果在接受高等教育同时担心经济负担,很难全身心投入。让更多的人享受高等教育,能够激励人们提升国家的发展水平,促进产业结构进化。

这个话题说的是对于大学教育感兴趣的成年人,资助这部分人是否有意义呢?高等教育资源有限,如果人人都有机会上大学,现有资源无法满足需求。而并不是所有人都适合上大学,需要筛选人选。当然,对于贫穷地区的人,如果能帮助它们上大学,能很好的解决贫困问题。

不过这里只能是资助,而不是全额支付,毕竟高等教育经费投入太大了,国家财政不能完全投入进去,个人也应该承担部分。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇19

用英语美文来写作文会让你的作文文采更出色哦,快用小本本记下来把。

1、All that is beautiful poems and passages of life things do not change;we change.sell your clothes and keep your thoughts.

万物不变,是我们在变。你的衣服可以卖掉,但要保留你的思想

2、Don’t wait to be lonely, to recognize the value of a friend.

不要等到寂寞了,才明白朋友的价值。

3、I sit at my window this morning where the world like a passer-by stops for a moment, nods to me and goes.

我今晨坐在窗前,世界如一个路人似的,停留了一会,向我点点头又走过去了。

4、Man is a born child, his power is the power of growth.

人是一个初生的孩子,他的力量,就是生长的力量。

5、Once we dreamt that we were strangers. We wake up to find that we were dear to each other.

有一次,我们梦见大家都是不相识的。我们醒了,却知道我们原是相亲相爱的。

6、Power said to the world, “You are mine.” The world kept it prisoner on her throne. Love said to the world, “I am thine.” The world gave it the freedom of her house.

权势对世界说道:“你是我的。”世界便把权势囚禁在她的宝座下面。爱情对世界说道:“我是你的。”世界便给予爱情以在它屋内来往的自由。

7、Remember: Friendship is like wine, it gets better as it grows older.

记得:友谊像醇酒,越久越浓。

8、The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills and bring out surprises of beauty.

雾,象爱情一样,在山峰的心上游戏,生出种.种美丽的变幻。

9、The scabbard is content to be dull when it protects the keenness of the sword.

刀鞘保护刀的锋利,它自己则满足于它的迟钝。

10、These are times of finer houses,but more broken homes;

现在的住房越来越精致,但我们也有了更多破碎的家庭;

11、think it over...

好好想想……

12、we have much more food,but less nutrition;

我们有了更多的食物,但所能得到的营养却越来越少了来源.

13、we have multiplied out possessions,but reduced out values;

我们拥有的财富倍增,但其价值却减少了。

14、we reached the moon and came back,but we find it troublesome to cross our own street and meet our neighbors;

我们可以往返月球,但却难以迈出一步去亲近我们的左邻右舍。

雅思作文写作基础知识篇20

Dear Sir / Madam,

My name is Rona Lyn Olivar. I am currently working as an ICU Nurse (Intensive Care Unit) at a tertiary level and this private hospital is called the Urdaneta City Sacred Heart Hospital which is situated in the province of Pangasinan here in the Philippines. I have learned from our ICU Department that your expert team will be conducted an EKG (Electrocardiogram) thorough training in Singapore. I am writing to you today because I would also like to attend and ask for specific information regarding the seminar schedules, about the program, accommodation and the cost.

Firstly, with regards to dates and time, I would like to ask when will be the seminar held. How many days will it take and how many hours in a day will we have to engage. What time would the training be started and ended?

Secondly, I would also want to know what would be the topic outline of the program, the things we are required to bring something in and what would be the benefits for us Registered nurses who will be attending the seminar.

And finally, I would also like to know about the accommodation and the cost. Since I am living here in the Philippines and Singapore is about 3 1/2 hours from my country and I have no any relatives or friends in that country. Will you be helping us to settle our staying place or do we need to have a booking in a hotel? And also because it is my first time to travel abroad, I do not know how much will I be needing to spend with it.

I am looking forward to hearing from you soon regarding my concerns.

Yours faithfully,

R. Olivar

咨询信写作注意事项

如果某个问题较为严重,可以在主体段落中单独占一个段落

在结尾段表明获取信息的急切心情,提供联系方法以便收信人与你联系,并且感激对方

要注意礼貌原则,只能就收信人提供的信息进行询问,不要问不相关的信息

咨询信常用句型

1) I would be much obliged to you if you could let me know the procedures I have to go through.

2) Your prompt and favorable attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.

3) I am looking forward to a favorable reply/response at your earliest convenience.

4) Would you provide me with some valuable advice?

5) Your kind reply will be highly appreciated.

6) It would be greatly appreciated if you could furnish me with relevant booklets on the above-mentioned aspects.

7) I am writing to enquire whether I may become a member of your club.

8) I would be grateful if you could let me know your annual fee charges and any other information which would be useful.

9) Please let me know as soon as possible how you propose to settle this matter.

10) Although at this time of year you will have more work to deal with than usual, I would appreciate a reply in a not too distant future.

咨询信常用开头

I am writing to enquire about…

I would be grateful if you could send me full details of…

I wonder if you could…

I would like to receive information regarding…

I am writing to ask if you could possibly…

I would like to request materials for…

I would be most grateful if you could send information concerning/regarding…

I was interested in your advertisement in The Daily News and I would like to have further information about…

I look forward to hearing from you/receiving the information.

I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain…

咨询信常用结尾

Thank you for your consideration.

I look forward to your immediate response.

I am expecting your early reply.

Your prompt attention to this letter would be highly appreciated.

I am looking forward to hearing from you.

咨询信常用词汇

inquire

seek

obtain

regarding, concerning

provide sb. with sth. Inform (of) convenience look forward to (doing) sth.

prompt/immediate take into account of sth. detailed

essential/necessary grateful/obliged appreciation

雅思作文写作基础知识篇21

材料作文写作基础知识

材料作文:

是根据所给材料和要求来写文章的一种作文形式。材料作文的特点是要求考生依据材料来立意、构思,材料所反映的中心就是文章中心的来源,不能脱离材料所揭示的中心来写作,故材料作文又叫“命意作文”,属于自命题。

命题作文与材料作文:

材料作文,一般是指出题者只给出一些文字或图画材料,要求应试者根据所给文字或图画的内容自己命题进行写作。材料作文是只给材料不给题目,题目的确定,完全是靠应试者自己对所给材料的理解与把握而定。从命题的角度看,命题作文实际上是他命题,而材料作文则是自命题,这就是二者的主要区别。

写作策略:

①引:

恰当地引用材料,开头既要引述材料,在论证时还要回扣材料(不能全部照抄),对材料进行分析后,或摘要或概述,三言五语即可。

②议:

是对材料中提供的信息进行分析议论,对人物关系的分析,对结果的预测,对原因的追问等,目的是为了提出观点做铺垫,这部分不能太长,百字左右即可。

③提:

提出论点(或观点),文字简炼,一两句话就可以,观点明确。

④联:

这是文章的关键,可由材料推开去,可联系历史人物、历史故事,可联系现实生活,今人今事;可以正面举例也可以反面证明;可以摆事实,也可以讲道理。最少要举两个例子,一古一今或一正一反,多角度多侧面得把中心论点阐述得深刻有力,三四百字即可。

⑤深:

深入分析。怎样深入分析??分析原因,说明好处(或危害),找出症结。

⑥结:

收敛全篇,总结全文,宜对论述的问题有所深化,不要故作惊人之语,强调精炼有力,不要画蛇添足。

在话题作文出现之前,材料作文是中考试卷中经常出现的一种作文考查形式,在话题作文中,材料只是提出话题的背景,材料与文章是一种疏远的关系;而材料作文中的材料则是作文观点的重要载体,是写作内容选择和立意的依据,考生必须从材料中提炼出一个观点进行写作,离开了材料就是离题,文章与材料是一种很亲密的关系。由此可见,写作材料作文,必须针对其“材料重要性”特点,采取有效的写作的策略,才能更好地写出高质量的考场作文,具体来说要特别注意以下三个方面:

一、读懂材料,全面把握

读懂材料是材料作文写作的重要前提,没有读懂材料必然会模糊作文,以致出现偏题或者离题的现象,读懂材料必须全面把握,切不可断章取义,执其一端,而要抓住重点,明白内容,理清关系,理解中心,为立意奠定一个较好的审题基础。

全面把握材料和理解材料,不可从某一局部入手,只抓住片言只语不放,否则容易跑题。但是要抓住材料中的关键词语或语句,深刻理解其本质意义,这对于把握材料的中心很有帮助。

二、立意求准,力求新颖

材料作文也是“命意作文”,立意好坏直接影响到作文的"深刻与否和创新程度,因此,写材料作文,在读懂材料的基础上,要尽量在立意上求准求新。

所谓求准,就是要把握住材料的内容,牢记主题必须从材料中得来,切不可脱离材料,否则就容易写出失败之作。

所谓求新,就是要努力突破思维定势,超越一般人的惯常思路,应该发人之所未发,言人之所不能言,力争做到“人无我有,人有我优”,在“新”字上下功夫,这样写成的文章才有希望焕发出创造的光彩。

三、使用材料,恰当巧妙

在材料作文中,材料在文章中的使用,也是一个不可忽视的问题。一般来说,引用材料有两种形式,即直接引用和间接引用(化用)。根据文体的不同,使用材料也有不同,一般而言,写成议论文,开头最好引述材料,以便更好地提出自己的观点;其他文体也不能完全脱开材料,要在恰当的地方直接和间接引用一下材料,否则容易造成于材料疏远的感觉。

材料的类型:

故事型

梗概、片断、寓言……

论说型

名言警句、哲理、议论文段……

事例型

名人事例、凡人小事……

情景型

生活场景、特别的细节……

图表型

一幅漫画或一个图表……

审题:

审题就是领悟题旨,是一种思维取向过程,也是写好作文的第一步。如果是写提供文字材料的作文,那么必须要正确全面地把握文字材料的意思。

方法:

首先要透视文题的字面意义,即显性要求;

然后再深入把握其内在的关系,即隐性要求。对显性要求要全面、完整地理解文字材料的内容;

对隐性要求要明了文字材料的情感意向,即材料所指的人或事、现象或问题所表现出来的肯定或否定的态度。

误区:

1.误把材料作文的材料,当作话题作文的材料。

2.误把材料作文的材料,看作命题作文的提示。

材料作文的材料是命题的有机组成部分,往往很具体,有完整意思,命题从材料中来,作文内容又离不开材料。而命题作文有时附有的提示,一般来说,或说明或阐述,并不含有具体内容。

有时附了二或三则材料,必须抓准材料之间的联系点或对比点,不能只看一则材料而不及其余。有时材料蕴含了比喻义,要求类比阐述,如“‘回声’的启示”所附的小孩和小山的对话,如果就事论事地谈文明礼貌而不去阐述人与自然或人与他人的关系,就在理解上发生了偏差。

雅思作文写作基础知识精选二十一篇

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