篇一:[secondly]初中英语写作常用句型
引导语：掌握好初中英语写作的常用句型,才能为灵活运用语言打下基础。下面是小编整理的初中英语写作常用句型：
(一)表示原因
1)There are three reasons for this.
2)The reasons for this are as follows.
3)The reason for this is obvious.
4)The reason for this is not far to seek.
5)The reason for this is that...
6)We have good reason to believe that...
例如：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life.Firstly,people’s living standard has been greatly improved.Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like.Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
注：如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子.如：Great changes have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误.
(二)表示好处
1)It has the following advantages.
2)It does us a lot of good.
3)It benefits us quite a lot.
4)It is beneficial to us.
5)It is of great benefit to us.
例如：
Books are like friends.They can help us know the world better,and they can open our minds and widen our horizons.Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
(三)表示坏处
1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
2)It does us much harm.
3)It is harmfulto us.
例如：
However,everything dividesinto two.Television can also be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi- sion.
(四)表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1)It is important(necessary,difficult,convenient, possible)for sb.to do sth.
2)We think it necessary to do sth.
3)It plays an important role in our life.
例如：
Computers are now being used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business.Soon, computers will be found in every home,too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.
(五)表示措施
1)We should take some effective measures.
2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties.
3)We should do our utmost in doing sth.
4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.
例如：
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effective measures to solve it.
(六)表示变化
1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years.
2)A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications.
3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.
例如：
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek.Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.
(七)表示事实、现状
1)We cannot ignore the fact that...
2)No one can deny the fact that...
3)There is no denying the fact that...
4)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
5)However,that’s not the case.
例如：
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.
(八)表示比较
1)Compared with A,B...
2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.
3)There is a striking contrast between them.
例如：
Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of petroleum.Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least,they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise.
(九)表示数量
1)It has increased(decreased)from...to...
2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased)to 800,000.
3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.
例如：
With the improvement of the living standard,the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased.
再如：
From the graph listed above,itcan be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.
注：“From the graph listed above,it can be seen that”见句式12.考生将句式9和句式12结合在一起,便可较好地写出2002年6月CET -4、6短文写作的第一段.
(十)表示看法
1)People have(take,adopt,assume)different attitudes towards sth.
2)People have different opinions on this problem.
3)People take different views of(on)the question.
4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
例如：
People have different attitudes towards failure.Some believe that failure leads to success.
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.
再如：
Do“lucky numbers?really bring good luck?Different people have different views on it.
只有掌握一定量的英语句式才能造出成千上万个句子，这对我们日常进行流利的英语交流有着十分重要的作用。
篇二:[secondly]英语听力教程3 第二版 unit1答案
小面是小编整理的英语听力教程3 第二版 unit1答案，希望对大家有所帮助!
Part I Getting ready
A.
B. Keys:
1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the world"s rain forests 2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2
Part II The Earth at risk (I)
A. Keys:
1.
a. More people--------more firewood----fewer trees
b. More domestic animals------more plants-----fewer available plants a, b-- More desert----move south-----desrtt expanding south----no
grass
2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isn"t enough rain the crops don"t grow.
3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mine
B. Keys:
1: Sahara Desert
2: North America & most of Europe
3: top soil blowing away
4: tropical forests destruction
5: animal/plant species becoming extinct
6: climate change for the whole world
Part III The Earth at risk (II)
A. Keys:
1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.
2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.
B. Keys:
1: flooding in Bangladesh
2: Action to be taken
3: population control
Keys:
1: Warming up of the world
2: Effects of global
3: reduced potential for food production
4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.
Part V Do you know…?
A. Keys:
1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: T
B. Keys:
Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until you"ve a full load 6: a complete meal
Don’ts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the brim
11: hot food
Tape script
Part I Getting ready
A.
B.
1.The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world"s rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever.
2. Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UN spongsored conference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. With scientists and governments now generally ready to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, over a hundred countries are sending delegations. But how much progress has been made implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio? Simon Dary reports...
B: That"s right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isn"t enough rain the crops don"t grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.
I: And what did you find in South America?
B: In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can"t be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe. For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down for exports as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can"t be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world"s rain forest has been cut down this century.
Part III The Earth at risk (II)
A.
I: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?
B: Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they"ve been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.
I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?
B: Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don"t need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it"s a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.
I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize theconsequences of their actions?
B: Yes, of course.
I: Well, thank you, Brian
B.
I: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ... er... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?
B: Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India ... I mean ... higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees ...er ... would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they"ve been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.
I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?
B: Yes, of course it can ... er ... first, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don"t need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it"s a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.
I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences ... um ... of their actions?
B: Yes, yes of course.
I: Well, thank you, Brian.
The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them 600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2℃ every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.
Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain"s Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen.
"Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth"s atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth"s surface. So that"s the global warming that people are concerned about."
People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that therecould be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator.
"The clearest pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth."
Woman: Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm. Global warming could put more stress on plans and place limits on crop growth.
Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony MacMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily.
"Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of heat-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond sensitively to changes in climate."
Woman: Global warming could affect the distribution of insects. Global warming could change patterns of heat-related food poisoning.
Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it"s now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.
Part V Do you know…?
Environment has taken rather a back seat politically since the Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro nearly 5 years ago. But the problems that meeting highlighted had not gone away. One environmental think tank — the International Food Policy Research Institute — has been looking at the future of water and its report reflects growing concern at the huge leap in usage over the past few years.
In some parts of the world, water consumption has increased fivefold. And the institute, known by its initials IFPRI, says shortages could soon become the trigger for conflict and a major barrier to feeding the world"s growing population. Here"s Richard Black of our Science Unit.
"It"s often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century. According to the IFPRI report, the time when that happens might not be far away. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase tenfold over the next 30 years, it says, which could well lead to large scale conflicts.
The main reason why water is becoming a scarce resource is agriculture, which now accounts for70% of water consumption worldwide, 90% in some developing countries. Countless farmers have switched from growing indigenous crops for the home market to high yield export varieties, which inevitably need far more water. But the IFPRI report says that in some regions water shortage is now the single biggest impediment to feeding the population. Water scarcity also leads to water pollution. In the Indian State of West Bengal, for example, over extraction of water from bore holes has led to arsenic poisoning which is estimated to have affected two million people so far. But the IFPRI report calls for better water management worldwide including financial incentives to encourage conservation."
That report by Richard Black of our Science Unit.
Part II The Earth at risk (I)
A.
I (Interviewer): Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of documentaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn"t it, Brian?
B (Brian Cowles): That"s right. We went to America, both North and South and then we went over to Africa and South-East Asia.
I: And what did you find in each of these continents?
B: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It"s a bit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants — and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there"s no grass — nothing for the animals to eat.
I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?
篇三:[secondly]英语写作中常用的连接词
1.表文章结构顺序：
First of all , Firstly / First , Secondly / Second …
And then , Finally , In the end , At last
2.表并列补充关系的：
What is more , Besides , More over
3.表转折对比关系的：
However , On the contrary , but
On one hand … On the other hand … Some … ， while others …
4.表因果关系的：
Because , As 、So , Therefore , As a result
5.表换一种方式表达：
In other words
6.表进行举例说明：
For example , 句子 ； For instance , 句子 ； such as + n / doing
7.表陈述事实：In fact
8.表达自己观点：
As far as I know , In my opinion
9.表总结：
In short , In a word.
文中正确使用两三个好的句型，如：感叹句、宾语从句、动名词做主语等。
宾语从句举例：
I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.
感叹句举例：
How I want to study in the best middle school in Guangzhou !
动名词做主语举例：
Reading books and swimming are my hobbies .
常用状语从句句型：
1）时间：
when , not … until （直到…才…），as soon as（一…就…）
2）目的：
so that + clause；（为了）
3）结果：
so … that …（如此…以至于…），too … to do（太……以至于……）
4）条件：
if,unless（除非），as long as（只要）
5）比较：
as…as…（与…一样），not so … as … ， than
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